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Exam 4
Review
49
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
05/01/2013

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Term
_______ is critical for the production of T3 and T4 and essentially all _____ in the body passes through the thyroid.
-calcium
-iodine
-sodium
-potassium
-fluoride
Definition
iodine
Term
Secondary hypothyroidism
-suggests a problem with the thyroid gland
-suggests a problem with the adenohypophysis
-may be diagnosed by the presence of a mass on the thyroid gland
Definition
suggests a problem with the adenohypophysis
Term
The following symptoms would most likely be associated with which of the following disorders? Weight loss, increased appetite, nervousness, restlessness, heat intolerance, increased sweating.
-hyperthyroidism
-hypothyroidism
Definition
hyperthyroidism
Term
Colloid
-is found inside parafollicular cells
-is found inside thyroid follicles
-is primarily made up of angiotensinogen
-is another name for thyroid stimulating hormone
Definition
is found inside thyroid follicles
Term
Many of the effects of the thyroid hormones resemble the effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
-true
-false
Definition
true
Term
Parathyroid hormone
-increases the number and activity of osteoblasts
-increases the number and activity of osteoclasts
-results in the reabsorption of Ca from the kidneys
-increases the number and activity of osteoblasts AND results in the reabsorption of Ca from the kidneys
-increases the number and activity of osteoclasts AND results in the reabsorption of Ca from the kidneys
Definition
increases the number and activity of osteoclasts AND results in the reabsorption of Ca from the kidneys
Term
Which of the following hormones, along with PTH, closely regulates blood calcium levels?
-glucagon
-glucose
-calcium
-calcitonin
-angiotensin II
Definition
calcitonin
Term
Melatonin
-affects sleep/wake cycle
-is produced in the hypothalmus
-great for keeping you awake and cencentrating. Good study aid.
-all of the above
Definition
affects sleep/wake cycles
Term
Blood
-is a connective tissue
-has a higher mean temperature than your normal body temperature
-is slightly acidic
-is a connective tissue AND has a higher mean temperature than your normal body temperature
-all of the above
Definition
is a connective tissue AND has a higher mean temperature than your normal body temperature
Term
Which is found in greater abundance in your body?
-interstitial fluid
-intracellular fluid
-plasma
-extracellular fluid
-tubular fluid (that fluid found in the renal tubules)
Definition
intracellular fluid
Term
Cells of the body are serviced by one fluid compartment only-blood
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
When we talk about the "formed elements" of blood, we're talking about
-albumins, globulins, fibrinogen
-RBCs, WBCs, platelets
-regulatory proteins and organic nutrients
-all of the above
Definition
RBCs, WBCs, platelets
Term
92% of the fluid in your body is found in your plasma
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
All major plasma proteins with the exception of some of the globulins come from the
-bone marrow
-liver
-spleen
-pancreas
-lymph nodes
Definition
liver
Term
The granular leukocytes include the neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils.
-true
-false
Definition
true
Term
These white blood cells secrete histamine and heparin
-eosinophils
-monocytes
-basophils
-neutrophils
-lymphocytes
Definition
basophils
Term
Your packed-cell volume is 70%
-you need a blood transfusion immediately
-you're most likely dehydrated
-your platelet count is too high
-your platelet count is too low
-you don't have enough hemoglobin
Definition
you're most likely dehydrated
Term
Under normal circumstances, erythropoiesis occurs at about twice the rate of RBC destruction.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
Mature erythrocytes contain
-rough endoplasmic reticulum
-mitochondira
-hemoglobin
-rough endoplasmic reticulum AND mitochondria
-all of the above
Definition
hemoglobin
Term
One molecule of hemoglobin can carry how many molecules of oxygen?
-2
-4
-8
-16
-32
Definition
4
Term
What stimulates the production of erythrocytes from the bone marrow?
-increased PCV
-hypoxia
-the liver
-decreased number of platelets
-the presence of reticulocytes
Definition
hypoxia
Term
Erythropoiesis
-is stimulated by erythropoietin
-is stimulated by the thyroid hormones
-is stimulated by thrombopoietin
-in stimulated by erythropoietin AND is stimulated by the thyroid hormones
-all of the above
Definition
in stimulated by erythropoietin AND is stimulated by the thyroid hormones
Term
Reticulocyts
-in the general circulation may signal a regenerative anemia
-contain some organelles
-mature to red blood cells 1-2 hours post-exiting from the bone marrow
-in the general circulation may signal a regenerative anemia AND contain some organelles
-all of the above
Definition
in the general circulation may signal a regenerative anemia AND contain some organelles
Term
Red blood cells are removed from circulation
-about 210 days after they enter the circulation
-by the gall bladder
-when they lyse. This is how ~90% are removed and is the reason your urine is yellow
-by macrophages in the spleen
-by neutrophils in the spleen and liver
Definition
by macrophages in the spleen
Term
It's a long time ago and I just got kicked above the eye by a horse. The next day I have two very attractive black eyes. What is causing that dark color?
-stercobilin
-urobilin
-bilirubin
-biliverdin
-heme
Definition
biliverdin
Term
Which of the following account for the brown color of fecal material?
-stercobilin
-urobilin
-bilirubin
-biliverdin
-heme
Definition
stercobilin
Term
Thrombocytes are small biconcave discs that circulate for about 120 days, then are removed by leukocytes found in the liver and other organs.
-true
-false
Definition
false
Term
An abnormally low platelet count
-could result in an increased tendency for blood to spontaneously clot
-is called thrombocytosis
-may result in petechiation (small hemorrhages)
Definition
may result in petechiations (small hemorrhages)
Term
what is the first phase of hemostasis?
-death
-blood coagulation
-clot formation
-vascular spasm
-clot dissolution
Definition
vascular spasm
Term
What is the purpose of the clotting cascade?
-to activate platelets
-to activate thrombin
-to convert fibrin to fibrinogen
Definition
to activate thrombin
Term
What are factors that do not excite platelets?
-thromboxane A
-ADP
exposed collagen fibers
-asprin
all of the above
Definition
asprin
Term
How do anticoagulant rodenticides work?
-they inhibit the activation of platelets
-they inhibit some factor in the coagulatino cascade
-they prevent the activation of thrombin
-they inhibit some factor in the coagulation cascade AND they prevent the activation of thrombin
-all of the above
Definition
they inhibit some factor in the coagulation cascade AND they prevent the activation of thrombin
Term
One of the dangers of the clotting cascade is that it could conceivably trigger the foramtion of a clot that would not stop forming/growing until all the blood in the body had clotted (or clots would move to areas of the body that would quickly cause the death of the organism). What prevents this?
-Asprin. It's critical that everyone take at least a low does of asprin at least once a year.
-fibrinogen
-fibrin
-plasmin
-platelet-derived growth factor
Definition
plasmin
Term
What stimulates fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells to multiply and repair a damaged blood vessel?
-a hormone released from platelets
-platelets derived growth factor
-Factor X
-all of the above
Definition
platelet derived growth factor
Term
The pericardial cavity is within
-the thoracic cavity
-the ventral body cavity
-the dorsal body cavity
-the thoracic cavity AND the ventral body cavity
-the thoracic cavity AND the dorsal body cavity
Definition
the thoracic cavity AND the ventral body cavity
Term
The fibrous pericardium fused to the
-parietal serous pericardium
-visceral serous pericardium
-myocardium
-endocardium
-epicardium
Definition
parietal serous pericardium
Term
The endocardium
-produces serous fluid
-produces pericardial fluid
-is continuous with the endothelium of the great vessels
-all of the above
Definition
is continuous with the endothelium of the great vessels
Term
What is found inside the pericardial space?
-serous fluid
-pleural fluid
-synovial fluid
-all of the above
Definition
serous fluid
Term
The serous membrane attached to the myocardium is the
-parietal pericardium
-visceral pericardium
-endocardium
-parietal pericardium AND endocardium
-visceral pericardium AND endocardium
Definition
visceral pericardium
Term
The pericardial sac
-is made of dense regular connective tissue
-prevents rapid over distension of the heart
-is fused to the visceral pericardium
-all of the above
Definition
prevents rapid over distention of the heart
Term
Pericardium = fibrous pericardium + serous pericardium
-true
-false
Definition
true
Term
Define "effete".
Definition
old and worn out
Term
What is the term for the condition defined by the PCV being greater than 65%? (the opposite of anemia_
Definition
polycythemia
Term
Platelets precursors are called (i'm looking for the specific name of a type of cell):
Definition
proplatelets
Term
If you take blood and remove the formed elements as well as the clotting factors/proteins, what do you have left?
Definition
serum
Term
Name the branch of science concerned with the study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and the disorders associated with them
Definition
hematology
Term
What is the term used to describe an abnormally low platelet count?
Definition
thrombocytopenia
Term
Name one of the ligaments that connect the fibrous pericardium to the sternum.
Definition
superior sterno-pericardial ligament
Term
On the diagram below draw in the heart....
Definition
2nd rib to 5th intercostal space
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