Term
| Muscles only ________ (never push) |
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Definition
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Term
| As muscles shorten, the insertion moves ________ the origin |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately ____ muscles in the body |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Move body parts
2. Move contents of organs
3. Maintain posture and prevent movement
4. Communication
5. Control body openings
6. Body heat production |
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Term
| Grouping of muscles by function: (3) |
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Definition
1. Prime Movers
2. Antagonists
3. Synergists |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide the major force for producing a specific movement |
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Term
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Definition
-Add force to a movement
-Reduce undesirable or unnecessary movement |
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Term
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Definition
1. Location
2. Shape
3. Relative Size
4. Direction of fibers
5. Number of origins
6. Location of attachment
7. Action |
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Term
| Muscular System: Fascicles(5) |
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Definition
1. Parallel
2. Fusiform
3. Pennate
4. Convergent
5. Circular |
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Term
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Definition
| Bundles of myocytes surrounded by the perimysium membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| fascicles run parallel to the long axis of the muscle |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Short fascicles that attach obliquely to a central tendon running the length of the muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Fascicles converge from a broad origin to a single tendon insertion |
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Term
|
Definition
| Fascicles are arranged in concentric rings |
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Term
|
Definition
- Epimysium of muscle is continuous with periosteum of bone
- Relatively uncommon |
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Term
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Definition
- Epimysium collects into a tendon or aponeurosis that attaches to periosteum via perforating fibers
- Most common |
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Term
| ___________ muscles are contained within the region that is moved by their contraction |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ muscles move body parts outside of the region where they are found |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A rigid bar that moves on a fulcrum, or fixed point |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Resistance moved by the effort |
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Term
|
Definition
| effort x length of effort arm = load x length of load arm |
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Term
|
Definition
| The fulcrum is between the load and the effort |
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Term
| Second class lever system |
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Definition
| The load is between the fulcrum and the effort |
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Term
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Definition
| The effort is applied between the fulcrum and the load |
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Term
| Epicranius (occipitofrontalis) |
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Definition
Bipartite muscle that consists of: 1)Frontalis
2)Occipitalis
3)Galea aponeurotica |
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Term
| These two muscles have alternate actions of pulling the scalp forward and backward |
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Definition
1. Frontalis
2. Occipitalis |
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Term
| ____ muscles are involved in lifting the eyebrows, flaring the nostrils, opening and closing the eyes and mouth, and smiling |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscles on the scalp and face usually insert in the _____ and are innervated by cranial nerve ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The prime movers in mastication are: 3) |
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Definition
1. Temporalis
2. Masseter
3. Buccinator |
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|
Term
| Grinding muscles in mastication: 2 |
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Definition
1. Lateral pterygoid
2. Medial pterygoid |
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Term
| Major head flexor is the _________________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Synergists to head flexion are the __________ and ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Lateral head movements are accomplished by the _________________ and __________ muscles |
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Definition
| sternocleidomastoid; scalene |
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Term
| Head extension is accomplished by the deep _________ muscles and aided by the superficial ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The prime mover of back extension is the ________ ________. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The erector spinae consists of three columns on each side of the vertebrae |
|
Definition
1. Iliocostalis
2. Longissimus
3. Spinalis |
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Term
| Other deep back extensors include the ___________ muscles and the _________ ___________ |
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Definition
| semispinalis; quadratus lumborum |
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Term
| What is the primary function of deep thoracic muscles? |
|
Definition
| Promote movement for breathing |
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Term
| More superficial layer that lifts the rib cage and increases thoracic volume to allow inspiration |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Deeper layer that aids in forced expiration |
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Definition
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Term
| Most important muscle for inspiration at rest |
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Definition
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Term
| The abdominal wall is composed of four paired muscles |
|
Definition
1. Internal and external obliques
2. Tranversus abdominis, rectus abdominis |
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Term
| The abdominal wall muscles help promote: 6 |
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Definition
1. Urination
2. Defecation
3. Childbirth
4. Vomiting
5. Coughing
6. Screaming |
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Term
| The prime movers of shoulder elevation are the _________ and ________ _________ |
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Definition
| trapezius; levator scapulae |
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Term
| ___ muscles cross the shoulder joint and insert into the humerus |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Prime movers of the shoulder include: |
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Definition
Pectoralis Major
Latissimius dorsi
Middle fibers of the deltoid |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres minor
4. Subscapularis |
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|
Term
| What is the main function of rotator cuff muscles? |
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Definition
| Reinforce the capsule of the shoulder |
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Term
| What is the prime mover in forearm extension? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the chief forearm flexors? |
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Definition
| Brachialis; biceps brachii |
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|
Term
| The ______________ of the forearm acts as a synergist and helps stabilize the elbow |
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Definition
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Term
| These muscles are primarily flexors of the wrist and fingers (8) |
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Definition
1. Pronator teres
2. Brachioradialis
3. Flexor pollicis longus
4. Pronator quadratus
5. Flexor digitorium superficialis
6. Flexor carpi ulnaris
7. Palmaris longus
8. Flexor carpi radialis |
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|
Term
| These muscles are primarily extensors of the wrist and fingers (9) |
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Definition
1. Aconeus
2. Extensor carpi ulnaris
3. Extensor indicis
4. Extensor pollicis longus
5. Extensor pollicis brevis
6. Abductor pollicis longus
7. Extensor digitorum
8. Extensor carpi radialis brevis
9. Extensor carpi radialis longus |
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|
Term
| The most important thigh flexors are the: 3 |
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Definition
1. Iliopsoas
2. Tensor fasciae latae
3. Rectus femoris |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The medially located ________ muscles and _________ assist in thigh flexion |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Thigh extension is primarily effected by the hamstring muscles (3) |
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Definition
1. Biceps femoris
2. Semitendinosus
3. Semimembranosus |
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Term
| Forceful extension of the the thigh is aided by the _______ ________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The sole extensor of the knee is the _________ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| The _______ _______ flex the knee, and are antagonists to the quadriceps femoris |
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Definition
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Term
| These anterior muscles are the primary toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors :4 |
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Definition
1. Tibialis anterior
2. Extensor digitorum longus
3. Extensor hallucis longus
4. Fibularis tertius |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These lateral compartment muscles plantar flex and evert the foot |
|
Definition
1. Fibularis longus
2. Fibularis brevis |
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