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Exam 3 Cards
Chapters 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, and 25 for BMS 238
118
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/09/2013

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Cards

Term
Conus medullaris
Definition
spinal cord tapers below the lumbar enlargement
Term
Filum Terminale
Definition
fibrous tissue that provides longitudinal support
Term
Cauda Equina
Definition
ventral and dorsal roots with filum terminale
Term
Dura Mater
Definition
tough, outermost layer of spinal cord
Term

Arachnoid

(tissue type)

Definition
Simple squamous epithelium
Term
Pia Mater
Definition
Innermost layer attached to neural ligaments
Term
Denticulate Ligaments
Definition
extensions of the Pia Mater
Term
Dorsal ganglia receive _____ information
Definition
sensory
Term
Ventral ganglia receive ______ information
Definition
Motor
Term
Posterior white columns of spinal cord
Definition
Fine touch, vibration, pressure, and proprioception
Term
Lateral white columns of spinal cord
Definition
pain and temperature sensations
Term
Anterior white columns of spinal cord
Definition
Crude touch and pressure
Term
Dermatomes
Definition
Specific region of body surface that is monitored by a particular spinal nerve
Term
Nerve plexus
Definition
Complex interwoven network of nerves
Term
Cervical Plexus
Definition

C1-C5

Innervates neck muscles and extend to thoracic cavity to control diaphgram

Term
Phrenic nerve innervates the ________
Definition
Diaphragm
Term
Brachial Plexus
Definition

C5-T1

Innervates pectoral girdle and upper limb musculature

Term
Median nerve innervates _______
Definition
flexor muscles of forearm, pronators, digital flexors, and skin of anterolateral surface of hand
Term
Carpal Tunnel is caused by compression of the _________ nerve from repetitive flexion of the wrist
Definition
Median
Term
Ulnar Nerve
Definition
flexor muscles on the forearm, adductor pollicus, small digital muscles and skin over medial surface of hand
Term
Radial nerve
Definition
extensor muscle of arm and forearm and skin over posterolateral surface of the arm
Term
Axillary Nerve
Definition
Innervates the deltoid and skin of shoulder
Term
Musculocutaneous nerve
Definition
biceps brachii, brachialis, and skin over lateral surface of forearm
Term
Lumbar Plexus
Definition
Innervates pelvic girdle and lower limbs
Term
Femoral Nerve
Definition
innervates anterior muscles of the thigh, thigh flexors, skin over anteromedial surface of thigh, and medial surface of leg and foot
Term
Damage to femoral nerve results in...?
Definition
inability to extend the leg and loss of sensation over anteromedial aspect of thigh
Term
Saphenous Nerve
Definition
innervates skin over medial surface of leg
Term
Sacral Plexus
Definition

L4-S4

Innervates pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Term

Gluteal Nerve

(Superior and Inferior)

Definition

Superior innervates aBductors of thigh

Inferior innervates extensors of thigh

 

Term
Sciatic Nerve
Definition
Innervates two hamstrings and adductor magnus
Term
Tibial Nerve (Branch of Sciatic)
Definition
innervates the gastrocnemius, soleus and biceps femoris long head
Term
Common Fibular Nerve (Branch of Sciatic Nerve)
Definition
innervates the tibialis anterior and biceps femoris short head
Term
Sciatica
Definition
pain from the buttocks to lateral leg to foot due to a slipped disc, dislocated hip, improperly administered IM injection, or pressure form the uterus in pregnancy
Term
Spinal Reflex (5 Steps)
Definition

1. Stimulus

2. Activation of sensory nerve

3. Information processed by CNS

4. Activation of motor neuron

5. Response of effector muscle

Term

Biceps Reaction 

(Tendon of Biceps brachii near radial tuberosity)

Definition
Contracts biceps brachii muscle to flex elbow
Term

Triceps Reflex

(Tendon of triceps brachii near olecranon)

Definition
Contracts triceps brachii muscle to extend elbow
Term

Knee Jerk Reflex

(Patellar Ligament)

Definition
Contracts quadriceps muscle to extend the knee
Term

Ankle Reflex

(Tendo calcaneus, near attachment on calcaneous)

Definition
Plantar flexes ankle
Term

Plantar Reaction

(Lateral aspect of sole from heel to ball of foot)

Definition
Plantar flexes foot and flexes toes
Term

Babinski's Reflex

(Plantar flexes foot and flexes toes)

Definition
Extends great toe and fans other toes
Term

Abdominal Reflex

(Sides of abdomen, above and below level of umbilicus)

Definition
Contract abdominal muscle and deviate umbilicus towards stimulus
Term

Cremasteric Reflex

(Upper inside of thigh in males)

Definition
Contracts cremasteric muscle and elevates testis on same side of stimulation
Term
Cerebrum
Definition
Conscious thought processes,
intellectual functions
Memory storage and
processing
Conscious and subconscious
regulation of skeletal muscle
contractions
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Coordinates complex
somatic motor
patterns
Adjusts output of
other somatic motor
centers in brain and
spinal cord
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
Coordinates complex
somatic motor
patterns
Adjusts output of
other somatic motor
centers in brain and
spinal cord
Term
Dienchephalon
Definition
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
Term
Thalamus
Definition
Relay and processing centers for sensory information
Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Centers controlling emotions, autonomic functions, and hormone production
Term
Mesencephalon
Definition

Processing of visual and auditory data

Generation of reflexive somatic motor responses

Maintenance of consciousness

Term
Pons
Definition

Relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus

Subconscious somatic and visceral motor centers

Term
Medulla Oblongata
Definition

Relays sensory information to thalamus and to other portions of the brain stem

Autonomic centers for regulation of visceral function (cardiovascular, respiratory, and digestive system activities)

Term
Lateral ventricles are separated by the _______
Definition
Septum pellucidum
Term
Lateral ventricles are connected to the third ventricle by _________
Definition
Interventricular foramen
Term
The ___________ connects the third and fourth ventricles
Definition
Aqueduct of the midbrain
Term
Choroid Plexus
Definition
capillary network in the 3rd and 4th ventricles that makes CSF
Term
CSF returns to the venous blood through the __________ into the ____________
Definition

Arachnoid granulations

Dural sinuses

Term
Cranial Meninges (Superficial to Deep)
Definition

1. Scalp

2. Epicranial Aponeurosis

3. Periosteum of Cranium (loose connective tissue)

4. Cranium

5. Dura Mater

6. Arachnoid Mater

7. Subarachnoid space

8. Pia Mater

9. Cerebral Cortex

Term
Cranial sinuses connect and drain into the _________
Definition
Internal Jugular Vein
Term
Falx Cerebri
Definition
Between cerebral hemispheres
Term
Tentorium Cerebelli
Definition
Between cerebrum and cerebellum
Term
Falx Cerebelli
Definition
Between cerebral hemispheres
Term
Diaphragm Sellae
Definition
Encloses pituitary gland
Term
Cerebral Lobes
Definition

Temporal (2)

Parietal (2)

Frontal (1)

Occipital (1)

Term
Primary Motor Cortex
Definition
Precentral gyrus
Term
Primary Sensory Cortex
Definition
Postcentral gyrus
Term
Association Fibers
Definition
Interconnect portions of cerebral cortex in the same hemisphere
Term
Commissural Fibers
Definition
Interconnect corresponding lobes of different cerebral hemispheres
Term
Projection Fibers
Definition
Interconnect cerebrum to other brain regions
Term

Cranial Nerves

(Location)

Definition

Cerebrum: I

Diencephalon: II

Midbrain: III, IV

Pons: V, VI, VII, VIII

Medulla Oblongata: VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

Term
Cranial Nerve I
Definition

Olfactory

 

Special Sensory: Smell

Term
Cranial Nerve II
Definition

Optic

 

Special Sensory: Vision

Term
Cranial Nerve III
Definition

Oculomotor

 

Motor (Eye)

Term
Cranial Nerve IV
Definition

Trochlear

 

Motor (Eye)

Term
Cranial Nerve V
Definition

Trigeminal

 

Sensory and Motor (Eye)

Term
Cranial Nerve VI
Definition

Abducens

 

Motor (Eye)

Term
Cranial Nerve VII
Definition

Facial

 

Branches: Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervial

Term
Cranial Nerve VIII
Definition

Vestibulocochlear

 

Special Sensory: Balance, Equilibrium, and Hearing

Term
Cranial Nerve IX
Definition
Glossopharyngeal
Term
Cranial Nerve X
Definition
Vagus
Term
Cranial Nerve XI
Definition

Accessory

 

Motor

Term
Cranial Nerve XII
Definition

Hypoglossal

 

Motor (tongue movements)

Term
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Definition

Long Pre-ganglionic neuron

Short Post-ganglionic neuron

"Rest and Digest"

Term
Sympatheic Nervous System
Definition

Short Pre-ganglionic neuron

Long Post-ganglionic neuron

"Fight or Flight"

Term
Ganglion
Definition
Collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system
Term
In the PNS, the ganglia are ____ to the target organ
Definition
close
Term
In the SNS, the ganglia are close to the ______
Definition
CNS
Term
Hypothalamus produces what hormones?
Definition
ADH, oxytocin, regulatory hormones
Term
Pituitary gland makes what hormones?
Definition

Pars Distalis (anterior lobe): ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, and MSH

Neurohypophysis (posterior lobe): oxytocin, ADH

Term
Thyroid gland makes what hormones?
Definition

Calcitonin (CT)

Thyroxine T3

Triiodothyronine T4

Term
Suprarenal Glands make what hormones?
Definition

Medulla: Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

Cortex: Cortisol, Corticosterone,

Aldosterone, Androgens

Term
Parathyroid makes what hormone?
Definition
Parathyroid Hormone
Term
Pancreatic Islets
Definition

Insulin (Beta)

Glucagon (Alpha)

Term
Neurohypophysis releases what hormones?
Definition

Oxytocin

Vasopressin

Term
Thyroid follicles
Definition

Make

Store

Secret

Thyroid Hormone

Term
Ventricular Septum
Definition
separates ventricles
Term

Electrical Conducting System

6 Steps

Definition

1. Sinoatrial Node (SA)

2. Internodal Pathways

3. Atrioventricular Node (AV)

4. AV bundle

5. Left/Right Bundle branch

6. Purkinje Fibers

Term
Pneumothorax
Definition
Puncture of the lung
Term
Cartilages of the larynx (3)
Definition

Thyroid cartilage

Cricoid cartilage

Arytenoid cartilage

Term
Tracheotomy vs tracheostomy
Definition

Tracheotomy: surgical opening in the trachea

Tracheostomy: inserting a tube into the trachea

Term

Left lung vs Right lung

(number of lobes)

Definition

Right lung has 3 lobes

Left lung has 2 lobes

Term
Epigastric region
Definition

Liver

Stomach

Term
Right Hypochondriac Region
Definition

Liver

Gallbladder

Right colic flexure

Term
Right lumbar region
Definition
Ascending colon
Term
Right Iliac Region
Definition
Appendix
Term
Hypogastric Region
Definition

Sigmoid Colon

Rectum

Term
Left Hypochondriac Region
Definition

Stomach

Left Collic Flexure

Term
Umbilical Region
Definition

Stomach

Pancreas

Small Intestine

Term
Left Lumbar Region
Definition
Descending Colon
Term
Left Iliac Region
Definition

Descending Colon

Sigmoid Colon

Term
Mucosa
Definition
Epithelium, Lamina Propria, Muscularis Mucosa
Term
Submucosa
Definition
Dense CT and Adipose
Term
Muscularis Externa
Definition

Circular smooth muscle

Longitutal smooth muscle

Term
Serosa
Definition

Mesothelium

Connective tissue (visceral peritoneum)

Term
Parts of the stomach (6)
Definition

Cardia

Fundus

Body

Pylorus

Greater Curvature

Lesser Curvature

Term
Small intestine parts (3)
Definition

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Term
Large Intestine parts (5)
Definition

Ascending Colon

Transverse Colon

Descending Colon

Sigmoid Colon

Rectum

Term
How many deciduous teeth are there?
Definition
20
Term
How many adult teeth do we have?
Definition
32
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