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Exam 3
ISU PA
27
Anatomy
Graduate
10/23/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
list the four major matrix components by which connective tissues are classified
Definition
1. protein (collagen, elastin)
2. proteoglycan
3. water
4. mineral
Term
list the characteristics of a ligament that make it uniquely fit for the functions it performs
Definition
1. high collagen content
2. arranged in a parallel fashion (which provides great tensile strength in one direction).
3. minimal elastic components allow for a little stretch & more tensile strength to hold bones together without significant gapping
Term
list the carpal bones
Definition
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
Term
describe the course of the musculocutaneous nerve
Definition
1. comes off lateral cord of the brachial plexus
2. passes through the belly of the coracobrachialis muscle in the mid-humerus
3. passes between biceps brachii and brachialis muscle
4. innervates coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis muscles & supplies cuteanous sensation to lateral forearm over the radius
Term
describe pectoralis major
Definition
O: sternal 1/2 of clavicle, upper 1/2 of sternum, and external abd oblique muscle
I: intertubercular groove of humerus
A: adduction of the arm at the shoulder; medially rotate humerus
I: medial and lateral pectoral nerves
Term
list the muscles of the rotator cuff
Definition
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
Term
describe the biceps brachii muscle
Definition
O: short head from coracoid process of scapula; long head from supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis
A: forearm supinator & flexor of supinated forearm
I: musculocutaneous nerve
Term
describe the route of the ulnar nerve
Definition
1. comes from medial cord of brachial plexus
2. passes thru muscular groove in humerus
3. posterior to medial epicondyle
4. deep to flexor carpi ulnaris
5. superficial to carpal tunnel
Term
describe the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle
Definition
O: supracondylar ridge of lateral humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpa
A: extend and abduct wrist
I: radial nerve
Term
flexor pollicis longus
Definition
O: anterior aspect of radius
I: base at distal phalanx of thumb
A: flex thumb
I: median nerve
Term
describe the extensor pollicis longus
Definition
O: posterior ulna and interosseus membrane
I: base of distal phalanx of thumb
A: extends distal phalanx of thumb
I: radial nerve
Term
describe the results of radial nerve damage
Definition
flexion contracture: flexion of elbow, wrist, fingers (aka wristdrop paralysis)
Term
list the 10 structures that pass thru the carpal tunnel
Definition
1 median nerve
1 flexor pollicis longus tendon
4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
Term
list the three major muscles that form the thenar eminence
Definition
1. opponens pollicis
2. abductor pollicis brevis
3. flexor pollicis brevis
Term
describe the route of the radial artery
Definition
1. branches from brachial artery at elbow
2. crosses anterior wrist just lateral to the flexor carpi radialis muscle
3. passes between extensor pollicis tendons
4. enters hand between 1st and 2nd metacarpals
Term
you are now sitting on what part of what bone?
Definition
ischial tuberosity of the coxal bone
Term
list the deep hip muscles
Definition
piriformis
obturator internus
obturator externus
quadratus femoris
superior gemellus
inferior gemellus
gluteus minimus
Term
describe the biceps femoris muscle
Definition
O: ischial tuberosity (long head) and femur (short head)
I: lateral side of head of fibula
A: flexes leg at knee & rotates tibia laterally; long head also extends thigh at the hip
I: tibial division of sciatic nerve
Term
what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Definition
femoral nerve
Term
list the muscles that make up the quadriceps femoris
Definition
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
Term
describe the tibialis anterior muscle
Definition
O: lateral condoyle & superior 1/2 of lateral tibia, and from interosseus membrane
I: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform tarsal and the base of the first metatarsal
A: dorsiflexes the foot at the ankle & inverts foot
I: deep fibular nerve
Term
describe the gastrocnemius muscle
Definition
O: medial & lateral femoral condyles
I: calcaneal tendon to calcaneous
A:plantarflexes foot, flexes leg at knee, and raises heel during walking
I: tibial nerve
Term
what are shin splints?
Definition
1. tearing/injury to tibialis anterior muscle
2. fluid accumulation/swelling within anterior compartment of lower leg (compression of muscle, deep fibular nerve, and of anterior tibial artery)
3. stress fracture of tibia
Term
what three factors contribute to the arch of the foot?
Definition
1. bones
2. muscles
3. ligaments (medial/lateral longitudinal)
Term
what does the quadratus plantae muscle do and why is it such a unique muscle?
Definition
offsets the oblique pull of the flexor digitorum longus; one of the only muscles of the foot that doesn't have a corresponding hand muscle (exists because calcaneous muscle is in the way of FDLs)
Term
list the nerve and artery supplying each compartment of the leg
Definition

lower leg

posterior compartment

tibial nerve

posterior tibial artery

anterior compartment

deep fibular nerve

anterior tibial artery

lateral compartment

superficial fibular nerve

fibular artery

upper leg

anterior compartment

femoral nerve

femoral artery

medial

obturator nerve

obturator artery

posterior

sciatic nerve

gluteal artery

Term
describe the route of the radial nerve
Definition
1. posterior cord of brachial plexus
2. anterior to lateral & posterior to medial epicondyles of humerus
3. divides into deep and superficial branches
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