Term
| What is the etiology behind Maedi-visna virus infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is maedi-visna virus transmitted? |
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Definition
-infection: milk/colostrum in nenonates
-inhalation
-in utero |
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Term
| What are the CS of adult sheep >2y w/ Maedi-visna? |
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Definition
-ovine progressivepneumonia
-mastitis
-arthritis
-wt loss w/ good appetite
-neuro form: ataxia, circling, CP deficits, twitching of face, death |
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Term
| How do we diagnose Maedi-vsna infection? |
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Definition
-serology, vrius isolation, PCR
-CSF: pleocytosis and inc protein
-PM |
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Term
| HOw do we treat maedi-visna virus infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| HOw do we control Maedi-visna virus infection? |
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Definition
-test & cull
-isolate infected adults & artificial rearing of offspring |
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Term
| What is the etiology of coenurosis? |
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Definition
-Coenuris cerebralis
-forms cyst in brain or spinal cord |
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Term
| Which species are most commonly affected by coenurosis? |
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Definition
| -sheep > cattle, goat, horses |
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Term
| What causes the CS of coenurosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we treat coenurosis? |
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Definition
| -Praziquantel & anti-inflamms |
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Term
| What is setaria digitata? How is it transmitted? WHich spp are affected? |
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Definition
-microfilaria carriedby cattle
-mosquitoes
-sheep develop CNS signs |
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Term
| What is the common name for enzootic ataxia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the etiology behind enzootic ataxia? |
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Definition
| -copper deficiency in prenatal/parinatal period |
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Term
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Definition
| -collagen, myelin, & melanin formation |
|
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Term
| What lesions do we see w/ enzootic ataxia due to copper deficiency? |
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Definition
-bilateral symmetric loss of myelin in spinal cord
-+/- cavitations of cerebral white matter |
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Term
| What are the CS of the two forms of enzootic ataxia? |
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Definition
-congenital: weak, tetraparesis, may be born dead
-progressive spinal swayback: older (<2-4m), progressitve ataxia & paralysis, m atrophy
-Ewe: uncrimped or depigmented wool |
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Term
| How do we diagnose enzootic ataxia? |
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Definition
-CS
-low blood or liver Cu
-hypochromic, microcytic anemia
-PM |
|
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Term
| How do we treat enzootic ataxia? |
|
Definition
| -unsuccessful in restoring neuro function |
|
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Term
| How do we control enzootic ataxia? |
|
Definition
-Cu supplements to ewe
-balanced ration |
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Term
| What causes neonatal hypoglycemia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What causes edema dz? CS? |
|
Definition
-E. coli
-swollen eyelids + neuro sigs |
|
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Term
| What neuro signs does Strep suis cause in pigs? |
|
Definition
-meningitis
-others: polysynovitis, polyserositis, polyarhtritis |
|
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Term
| What CS do we see w/ water deprivation in pigs? |
|
Definition
-cortical blindness
-sit & spin |
|
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Term
| What do we see w/ pseudorabies in pigs? |
|
Definition
-suckling pigs, all die
-tremors, incoordination, convulsin |
|
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Term
| What CS do you see w/ myoclona congenita? Which breed is predisposed? |
|
Definition
-congenital tremor
-large white pigs: Landrace |
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Term
| Where do we collect CSF from cows? |
|
Definition
-lumbosacral: L6-S1
-risky & expensive but less than w/ atlanto=occipatal location |
|
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Term
| What is a Queckenstedt's test? |
|
Definition
| -bilateral compression of jugular v w/ needle in to inc CSF flow |
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Term
| Where do we perform a cisterna magnum CSF tap? |
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Definition
| -midline just cranial to line connecting anterior edges of wings of atlas |
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Term
| Where do we perform a lumbosacral CSF tap? |
|
Definition
-midline just caudal to line connecting tuber coxae
-depression b/n last palpable dorsal lumbar spine L6 & 1st palpable dorsal spine S2 |
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Term
| What do you you feel when putting needle in for LS CSF tap in cattle? |
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Definition
| -2 changes in tissue resistance: liamentum flavum (soft) & dorsal subarachnoid space |
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Term
| What should CSF tap look like grossly? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What should the protein level be w/ CSF? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What should we see on cytology of normal CSF? |
|
Definition
-RBC or platelets: 0
-WBC < 10 cells/ uL |
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Term
| What does a red CSF indicate? Usual cause? |
|
Definition
-presence of RBC
-traumatic tap > subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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Term
| What does a foamy CSF indicate? Possible causes? |
|
Definition
-inc protein
-ex: inflammation, infectin, trauma, or neoplasia |
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Term
| What does a turbid CSF indicate? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What does a yellow-brown CSF indicate? |
|
Definition
-subarachnoid hemorrhage
-persists 2-4w
-centrifugation to differentiate from traumatic tap |
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Term
| What do we see on CSF w/ bacterial problems? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What do we see on CSF w/ viral dz? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What do we see on CSF w/ protozoal dz? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What do we see on CSF w/ listeria? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What do we see on CSF w/ CNS necrosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a positive pandy test? Etiolgoies? |
|
Definition
-presence of globulins
-exudation hemorrhage, local pdn |
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Term
| What does glucose < 60% serum levels in CSF suggest? |
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Definition
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