Term
| What part of the neuro exam do we observe from a distance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of cerebral dz? |
|
Definition
-abnormal mentation: severe depression
-seizures
-cortical blindness: normal PLR w/ no menace response
-responsive circling
-nystagmus
-opisthotonos or head pressing
-yawning repeatedly
-abnormal vocalization while bellowing
-dullness, depression |
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of cerebellar dz? |
|
Definition
-normal mentation
-abnormal gait: ataxia w/out paresis w/out weakness, intention tremors, wide-based stance, hypermetria
-loss of menace response: normal vision
-nystagmus
-no proprioceptive deficits |
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of brainstem dz? |
|
Definition
-mentation: normal to severe depression/stupor/coma
-ataxia w/ paresis: ipsilateral to lesion
-CN deficits
-abnormal resp pattern |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is CN II? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-apparent blindness
-absent PLR: direct or consensual
-dec or absent menace response: caution for depressed rums |
|
|
Term
| What is CN III? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-oculomotor
-ventrolateral strabismus, dilated pupils |
|
|
Term
| What is CN IV? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-trochlear
-dorsomedial strabismus |
|
|
Term
| What is CN VI? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-abducent
-medial strabismus, unable to retract globe |
|
|
Term
| What is CN V? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-trigeminal
-dec/absent facial sensation
-no palpebral reflex
-dropped jaw, hypersalivation
-difficult prehension (feedstuff) |
|
|
Term
| What is CN VII? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-drooped ear/eyelid/lip (Asymmetry)
-deviation muzzle
-dry eye syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What is CN VIII? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-head tilt
-leaning/circling: visual compensation
-proprioceptive deficits: ipsilateral
-nystagmus: horizontal
-ataxia & depression |
|
|
Term
| What is CN IX? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-Glossopharyngeal
-dysphagia, hypersalivation, dec or absent gag reflex (frick speculum) |
|
|
Term
| What is CN X? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-dysphagia, dec rumen contractions, vagal syndrome
-stertorous breathing: laryngeal paralysis (Eq>Bo) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is CN XII? What do deficits look like? |
|
Definition
-hypoglossal
-dec absent tongue tone |
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of UMN spinal cord dz? |
|
Definition
-inc extensor m tone
-exaggerated spinal reflexes |
|
|
Term
| What are CS of LMN spinal cord dz? |
|
Definition
-dec or absent m tone
-dec or absent spinal reflexes |
|
|
Term
| Do you see LMN or UMN signs of spinal cord dz at C1-C5? |
|
Definition
-UMN to all 4 limbs
-UMN bladder |
|
|
Term
| Do you see LMN or UMN signs of spinal cord dz at C6-T2? |
|
Definition
-LMN front
-UMN hind & bladder |
|
|
Term
| Do you see LMN or UMN signs of spinal cord dz at T2-L3? |
|
Definition
-normal front
-UMN hind & bladder |
|
|
Term
| Do you see LMN or UMN signs of spinal cord dz at L4-S2? |
|
Definition
-normal front
-LMN hind
-UMN or LMN bladder |
|
|
Term
| Do you see LMN or UMN signs of spinal cord dz at S1-S2? |
|
Definition
-normal front & hind
-LMN to bladder/anus/tail |
|
|
Term
| Do you see LMN or UMN signs of spinal cord dz at S3-Cd5? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for BSE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of BSE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of BSE? |
|
Definition
| -prion: aberrant misfolded ost protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -concumption of meat & bone meal contaminated w/ BSE infected nervous tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of BSE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-abnormal behavior: nervous, anxious, aggressive, frequent licking, muscle fasciculations, salivations
-hypersensitivity to external stimuli: touch, sound, light
-abnormal locomotion: ataxia, stiff gait, hypermetria, recumbency
-wt loss, dec milk pdn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-no detectable immune response
-no ante-mortem test method available
-methods of detection w/ brain material: IHC, western blot, ELISA |
|
|
Term
| Which animals are eligible for BSE testing? |
|
Definition
-greater than 30m
-non-ambulatory for ANY reason
-ataxia, paresis, or other CNS signs
-secondary signs: emaciation or injury
-dead cattle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-no tx or vx available
-control: testing, surveillance, incinerate BSE carcasses, |
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis of BSE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology of IBR? |
|
Definition
| -bovine herpesvirus 1 & 5 |
|
|
Term
| How common is the form of IBR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which animals are affected clinically by IBR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-fever, depression
-nasal discharge
-bruxism, salivation
-proprioceptive deficits
-head pressing, circling
-blindness
-coma, death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-CSF cytology
-virus isolation: nasal secretion
-histopath brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -support + control seizure |
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis of IBR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-MLV IN IBR vx
-biosecurity |
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology behind rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the reservoirs of rabies? |
|
Definition
| -fox, skunk, raccoon, bat, coyote |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathophys of rabies? |
|
Definition
-bite: replicates locally
-travels via neurons
-brain |
|
|
Term
| What is the incubation period of rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of rabies? |
|
Definition
-quite variable, inconsistent
-forms: furious, dumb, paralytic
-death usually w/in 10d |
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of cerebral or furious form? |
|
Definition
-aggressive behavior
-hyperexcitable, hyperesthesia
-tenesmus
-excessive bellowing/yawning |
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of brainstem or dumb form of rabies? |
|
Definition
-depression, fever
-excessive salivation, dysphagia
-ataxia, CP deficits
-head pressing
-flaccid tail/anus/tongue |
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of spinal cord or paralytic form of rabies? |
|
Definition
| -progressive ascending paralysis |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose rabies? |
|
Definition
-submit for FA
-histopath brain: eosinophilic IC negri bodies, non-suppurative enceophalitis |
|
|
Term
| How do we control rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis of rabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the common names for pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the etiology behind pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
| -neurotropic alpha-herpesvirus |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary host of pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is pseudorabies transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -livestock contact w/ pig |
|
|
Term
| Which animals get CS due to pseudorabies? What are the CS of pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
-neonatal pigs
-CS: convulsions, tremors, ataxia, death |
|
|
Term
| What are the CS of pseudorabis in cattle/sheep/goat? |
|
Definition
-sever pruritus, dermal abrasion, and alopecia
-fever, bellowing, salivation, stamping feet
-ataxia, CP deficits, circling, convulsions, death |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
-viral isolation: area of intese puritus, nasal secretions
-histopath suggestive |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we control pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
| -limit exposure b/n swine & cattle |
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