Term
| What kind of influenza occurs in horses? Which ones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common viral resp dz of the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the disease timing of equine flu. |
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Definition
| -1-3 day incubation, 2-1o day course |
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Term
| What are some common risk factors w/ equine flu? |
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Definition
-large groups
-age 2-4y
-commingling
-close confinement
-vaccination status |
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Term
| Describe pathogenesis of equine flu. |
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Definition
-respiratory epi
-desquamation of ciliated & mucus pdcing cells
-rapid secondary bacterial invasion (Strep zooepidemicus) |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of equine flu? |
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Definition
-febrile
-anorexia
-lethargy
-serous to mucopurulent nasal discharge
-dry cough
-limb edema (less than others)
-myositis, myocarditis: less common
-secondary bacterial pneumonia
-post-infection airway hyperreactivity |
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Term
| How do we diagnose equine flu? |
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Definition
-nasal swab: ELISA, PCR
-serology: paired titers 4x
-viral isolation |
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Term
| How do we treat equine flu? |
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Definition
-isolation
-NSAIDs
-Rest: 3 WEEK MINIMUM
-dec dust exposure
-very high risk for secondary bacterial infection = give abx (penicillin, TMS,ceftiofur) |
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Term
| What causes equine rhinopneumonitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the CS of equine herpesvirus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major difference w/n equine flu and herpesvirus pathogenesis? |
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Definition
-has a viremic phase thus affects nasal mucosa, lungs, CNS
-also immunosuppression and dec mononuclear cells |
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Term
| In addition to resp disease, what other CS do we see w/ equine herpesvirus? |
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Definition
-high fever
-anorexia/depression
-secondary bacterial infection
-neonatal herpes = abortions |
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Term
| How do we diagnose equine herpes? |
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Definition
-viral isolation or PCR on nasal swab
-seroloby 4x
-ELISA
-tissues: fetus/neonate or CNS |
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Term
| How do we treat equine herpes? |
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Definition
-rest
-NSAIDs
-abx for secondary bacterial infection
-antivirals for prevention of CNS dz |
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Term
| What kind of virus is EVA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which horses are especially predisposed to EVA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of EVA. |
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Definition
-aerosol or breeding
-carrier stallions an issue
-resp => alveolar MP => bronchial LN => vascular endothelium & monocytes => dissemination |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of EVA? |
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Definition
-fever
-serous ocular & nasal discharge w/ cough
-edema: BIG PROBLEM limbs, periorbital, scrotal
-abortion 3-10m |
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Term
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Definition
-nasal swabs
-buffy coat
-urine/semen
-placenta
-fetal tissues
-serology |
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Term
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Definition
-isolation
-supportive care |
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Term
| What influenza vaccines do we use in horses? |
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Definition
-killed IM: A1 & A2, 6-9m 3 x 3-6w apart & then q3-4m, faster onset of immunity
-ML IN: 11m & then q6m |
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Term
| Is vaccine failure common w/ equine flu? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some causes of equine viral vaccine failure? |
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Definition
-individual immune response failure
-suboptimal vx programs
-outdated ag
-variation in vx pdts |
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Term
| What kind of vaccines do we have for equine herpes? |
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Definition
-ML, Killed, IN
-at 6m 3X 3-6w apart then q3-4m |
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Term
| What kind of vaccines do we have for EVA? |
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Definition
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