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Exam 3
Fractures of the Forelimb
29
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
11/10/2016

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Cards

Term
HOw do we typically treat scapular fractures?
Definition
-Velpeau sling x 2-3w
Term
What is our concern with transverse scapular fractures? What do we recommend?
Definition
-scapula can fold on itself
-internal fixation is recommended
Term
What is our concern with comminuted scapular fractures? What do we recommend?
Definition
-unstable
-internal fixation is recommended
Term
What age group of dogs usually presents with fractures of the supraglenoid tuberosity? What causes it?
Definition
-immautre dogs
-avulsion injury/physeal suparation due to biceps m distraction of fragment
Term
What do we reccomend of fractures of the supraglendoid tuberosity?
Definition
-internal fixation: pin and tension band with lag screw
Term
What is our concern with scapular fractures of the neck and glenoid cavity? How do we fix them?
Definition
-may affect scapulohumeral joint function
-anatomic reconstruction: cross pins and lag screw
Term
What are the major anatomic considerations for humeral fractures?
Definition
-greater tubercle
-epicondyles
0radial nerve
Term
Why are open fractures less common in the humerus?
Definition
-large soft tissue envelop
Term
What does external coaptation of the humerus require?
Definition
-spica splint for stabilization
Term
What kind of dogs get proximal physeal fractures of the humerus? How do we fix them?
Definition
-young, growing dogs
-parallel K wires and pins across the physis
Term
What is the general goal of fixing diaphyseal humeral fractures?
Definition
-funcitonal alignment
Term
What are the fracture types that commonly affect the humerus?
Definition
-comminuted
-transverse
-oblique
-spiral
Term
How do we fix a diaphyseal humeral spiral fracture?
Definition
-plate and screws
-IM pin and cerclage wire
Term
What determines the pin diameter of humeral diaphyseal fractures?
Definition
-diameter of distal canal
Term
How do we fix a transverse diaphyseal humeral fracture?
Definition
-plant and screws +/- IM pin
Term
How do we fix a comminuted diaphyseal humeral fracture?
Definition
-plate and screws with IM pin
-external fixator
Term
What is the typical signalment of condylar humeral fractures?
Definition
-young dog or older dog with IOHC
Term
What type of fracture is a condylar humeral fracture? Is it common or uncommon?
Definition
-Salter-Harris type IV: T or Y fracture of lateral condyle
-MOST COMMON TYPE OF HUMERAL FRACTURE
Term
Does the lateral or medial condyle fracture more commonly on the canine humerus?
Definition
-lateral
-inc weight bearing b/c articulates with radius
Term
What fixation method do we use on condylar humeral fractures?
Definition
-lag screw and anti-rotational K wire
-bilateral plates and screws
Term
What are our major anatomic considerations for fixing radial and ulnar fractures?
Definition
-no soft tissue envelope
-weight-bearing forces
-blood supply: dec in small breed distal radius
Term
What are the two common methods of external coaptatio used on radial and ulnar fractures?
Definition
-Robert Jones
-Modified Robert Jones
Term
What fixation methods do we use on radial and ulnar fractures?
Definition
-bone plate and screws
-external fixation
-casting: must have 50% reduciton and works best in transverse fractures in young dogs
-IM pin in ulna ONLY
Term
Do we more frequently fixate both the ulnar and radius or just radius when they are fractured?
Definition
-usually jsut do radius
Term
When is external fixation preferred in the case of radial and ulnar fractures? What configuration do we use?
Definition
-open fractures and minimal bone to work with cases
-type IA (avoid type II b/c violates safe corridors)
Term
What are the common etiologies of pathologic fractures?
Definition
-neoplasia
-fungal osteomyeitis
Term
In which kind of dog do we see carpal fractures? How do we treat them?
Definition
-Greyhound accessory carpal bone
-Tx: lag screw application
Term
Are metacarpal fractures common or uncommon? How are they treated surgically? Medically?
Definition
-common
-Sx: IM pins/plates and caudal splint
-Mx: MOST COMMON, closed reduction and caudal splint
Term
What are the indications for surgical reduciton of metacarpal fractures?
Definition
-open fractures
-gross displacement
-intra-articular fractures
-all 4 MC bones fractured
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