Term
| Where is the prostate located anatomically? |
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Definition
| -caudal to the urinary bladder, ventral to the rectum, dorsal to the pubis |
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Term
| What sign do we look for radiographically to show that the prostate is in the proper anatomical location? |
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Definition
| -fat triangle b/n bladder and prostate |
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Term
| Which breed reportedly has a larger prostate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What opacity is the prostate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormonally causes the prostate to enlarge? |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal prostate should not be greater than ___ the width of the pelviv inlet on VD views. |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal prostate should not exceed ___& of the distance from the pubic rim to the sacral promontory on lateral views. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the typical result of prostatic diseases? Possible causes? |
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Definition
-prostatic enlargement
-benign prostatic hypertrophy (most common), prostatic cysts, paraprostatic cysts, prostatitis, prostatic abscess, neoplasia |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of prostatic disease? |
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Definition
-stranguria
-hematuria
-pyuria
-dyschezia: ribbon-like feces |
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Term
| What are the radiographic signs of prostatic disease? |
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Definition
-prostatomegaly (#1)
-displacement of the bladder cranially
-displacement of the colon dorsally****
-sublumbar lymph node enlargement
-loss of detail around the prostate
-periosteal reaction on lumbar spine and pelvis secondary to metastatic disease |
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Term
| What causes benign prostatic hypertrophy? Physiologically describe it. |
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Definition
-androgen stimulation
-inc in volume of the intercellular and ductal space, once the disease reaches a certain point cyst formation begins, cysts may distort the shape of the prostate
-cysts can become infected |
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Term
| What is the typical cause of prostatitis? |
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Definition
-bacterial
-may arise from the prostate or extend from other sources
-may result in local peritonitis |
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Term
| What is a common cause of prostatic abscesses? Describe it. |
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Definition
-prostatitis, also primary or secondary to cyst formation
-may cause prostatomegaly with irregular borders |
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Term
| What radiographic sign do we see with a paraprostatic cyst? |
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Definition
-double bladder sign
-grow from the surface of the gland and may be attached to the prostate by a stalk
-looks like a separate mass |
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Term
| True or False: Castration helps to prevent canine prostatic disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does prostatic neoplasia usually appear? |
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Definition
-usually enlarged, but does not have to be
-usually secondarily infected or necrotic so patient has signs of prostatisi
-mineralization! |
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Term
| What are the major applications of survey radiography for the uterus? |
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Definition
-confirmation that an abdominal mass is consistent with an enlarged uterus
-ID fetal skeletons
-progression of pregnancy
-evaluate disease states of the uterus (pyometra)
-subjectively evaluate fetal viability |
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Term
| What bis the major application of survey radiography for the ovaries. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the parts of the uterus? Where is it located? |
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Definition
-body and two horns
-b/n colon and bladder |
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Term
| Uterine enlargement due to pregnancy is seen at ___ days. |
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Definition
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Term
| When does fetal mineralization occur in a dog? In a cat? |
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Definition
-approx 43 days
-approx 38 days |
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Term
| What are some of the causes of uterine enlargement? |
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Definition
-pregnancy/early pregnancy
-pyometra: usually larger than hydrometra and mucometra
-hydrometra
-mucometra
-neoplaisa: rare
-uterine torsion: rare |
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Term
| What are the two types of pyometras? Describe them. |
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Definition
-Closed: cervix is shut and gets very large
-Open: cervix is open so doesn't get as alrge due to draining |
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Term
| What are some radiographic signs of fetal death? |
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Definition
-gas present in uterus or fetus
-loss of normal fetal shape (dorsoflexion)
-overlap of bones in ranium
-collapse of skeleton
-tightly curled obyd
-less developed |
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Term
| What does pyometra look like? Where is it located? Typical history? |
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Definition
-tubular, coiled soft tissue opacity in the caudoventral abdomen that is usually bilateral
-b/n colong and bladder
-estrus, PU/PD, vomiting, +/- vaginal discharge, febrile |
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