Term
| What does CIRDC stand for? |
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Definition
| -Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease complex |
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Term
| What is the common name for CIRDC? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the incubation period of CIRDC? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the seasnality of CIRDC. |
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Definition
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Term
| What clinical signs occur in a previously vaccinated dog? |
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Definition
-paroxysmal coughing associated with episodes of retching or vomiting
-"honking" couch
-squeezing of trachea during exam results in coughing |
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Term
| How do we treat a previously vaccinated dog with CIRDC? |
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Definition
| -will recover without treatment |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of CIRDC in a dog that has not been previously vaccinated? |
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Definition
| -fever and anorexia with episodes of retching and coughing with possible bronchitis and pneumonia |
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Term
| True of False: CIRDC is the most prevalent infectious disease in dogs. |
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Definition
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Term
| How is CIRDC transmitted? In which environments does this commonly occur? |
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Definition
-via respiratory droplet
-occurs where dogs are housed together |
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Term
| What are the most common bacterial isolates form dogs with CIRDC? |
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Definition
| -B. bronchiseptica and Mycoplasma |
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Term
| What is the most important virus associated with ITB in dogs? |
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Definition
| -Canine Parainfluenza virus (CPiV) |
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Term
| What is unique about the pathology of canine parfainfluenza? |
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Definition
| -can infect puppies as young as 2 weeks and maternal Ab does not appear to protet against CPiV |
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Term
| Where in the body does Canine Parainfluenza virus infection occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of Canine Parainfuenza? |
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Definition
| -serous nasal discharge and dry, hacking cough |
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Term
| What kinds of vaccines do we have for Canine Parainfluenza? Which is more efficient? |
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Definition
-parenteral and intranasal attenuated virus vaccines
-intranasal is more efficient |
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Term
| Where did the current canine influenza strain evolve from? Is it genetically distinguishable from its source? |
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Definition
-equine infleunza virus H3N8
-geneticaly distinguishable from equine H3N8 |
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Term
| What strain of human influenza was recently isolated form dogs in Chicago? |
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Definition
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Term
| What percentage of dogs will have a mild to inapparent form of canine influenza? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is canine influenza transmitted? |
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Definition
| -direct contact with respiratory secretions from infected dogs, fomites, people acting as fomites |
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Term
| Which situations tend to be where outbreaks of canine influenza occur? |
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Definition
| -nearly all outbreaks to date have involved dogs in kennels, animal shelters, and day-care centers |
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Term
| ___-___% of dogs develop respiratory disease during an outbreak of canine influenza. |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we diagnose canine influenza? |
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Definition
| -detecting bvirus in nasal secretions by RT-PCR or by serology on 2 serum samples collected 2-3 weeks apart |
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Term
| How do we prevent canine influenza infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the body does canine adenovirus 2 infect? |
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Definition
| -upper and lower resp tracts and replicates in the resp epi |
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Term
| What is the name for the disease resulting form canine adenovirus 2? |
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Definition
| -infectous canine laryngotracheitis |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of CAV-2 infection? |
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Definition
-severe encrotizing and proliferative bronchitis and bronchiolitis
-tonsilitis, dry, harsh persistent cough in young dogs |
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Term
| How do we protect agains CAV-2 infection? Any added bonuses? Explain. |
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Definition
-vaccine with attenuated CPV-2 that also protects from CAV-1
-CAV-1 and CAV-2 share common Ag |
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Term
| What are some other misc viruses associated with CIRDC? |
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Definition
-CAV-1 rarely
-CDV
-CHV-1
-Canine reoviruses 1, 2, & 3 |
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of ITB. |
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Definition
-viruses replicate and directly damage the resp mucosa resulting in ciliostasis, facilitating colonization of resp tract by Bordetella and Mycoplasma
-some viruses also replciate in macropahges or impair macrophage function |
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Term
| Which diagnostic test do we use to decide which antibiotics to use in a CIRDC case? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we isolate the viruses responsible for CIRDC? |
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Definition
| -nasal, pharyngeal, and tracheal swabs by PCR or RT-PCR |
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Term
| How do we protect against CIRDC? |
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Definition
-MLV vx for CPiV, CAV-2, CDV, and CI
-intranasal vx for CPiV and B. bronchiseptica |
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Term
| How do we protect agains Canine influenza specifically? |
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Definition
| -killed vx admin prior to boarding pets |
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Term
| the majority of cases of infectious resp disease in cats are caused by which 2 viruses? |
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Definition
| -feline rhinotracheitis virus (FRV) & feline calicivirus (FCV) |
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Term
| Other than FRV and FCV, which is isolated more frequently? Any other common viruses? |
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Definition
-FCV
-Feline reoviruses also isolated but may not be a significant resp pathogen |
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Term
| Which three bacteria are often involved in feline resp disease syndrome? |
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Definition
-Bordetella bronchiseptica
-Chlamydophila felis
-C. psittaci = conjunctivitis and sneezing |
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Term
| What is the other name for feline herpesvirus 1? What kind of virus is it? |
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Definition
-Feline rhinotracheitis virus
-herpesvirus |
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Term
| Which group of cats are most commonly affected by RV? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of FRV? |
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Definition
| -lethargy, sneezing, nasal discharge, conjunctivitis (runny eyes), anorexia, and wight loss, corneal ulceration and ulcerative glossitis |
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Term
| Do affected felines become carriers of FRV or do they clear the infection? |
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Definition
| -remain lifelong carriers |
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Term
| What virus family does Faline calicivirus belong to? Describe its geometry etc. |
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Definition
-Ciliciviridae
-small non-envelooped RNA virus iwth icosahedral symm |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with the acute or sub-acute resp dz of young cats due to FCV? |
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Definition
-fever, mild conjunctivitis, nasal discharge with vesicles and/or ulcers of hte oral epi
-also penumonia, anorexia, lethargy, fever, stiff gait, lameness |
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Term
| What are the clinically signs associated with the acute arthritis form of FCV? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the prevelance the acute systemic with high mortality of FCV. |
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Definition
| -strains appear suddenly and disappear as suddenly |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with the acyte systemic disease form of FCV with high mortality? |
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Definition
| -systemic infections with facial and limb edema, ulceration of nose/pinnae/footpads, high mortality |
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Term
| Do cats clear the infection or remain carriers of FCV? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is special about FCV? |
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Definition
| -high rate of mutation during virus replication generates strains that vary greatly genetically and antigenically |
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Term
| Which resp dz of horses is characterized by abortions and myeloencephalopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which resp dz of hroses is characterized by conjunctivitis, edema, and abortion in mares? |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the resp viruses associated with resp dz outbreaks in horses, which two viruses are considered the most important? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the other name for EHV-4? |
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Definition
| -equine viral rhinopneumonitis |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs typical of EHV-4 and EI? |
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Definition
| -pyrexia, serous nasal discharge, submandibular lymphadenopathy, anorexia, and cough |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with EHV-2, equine rhinitis virus, and reovirus? |
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Definition
| -mostly ubiquitious and minimal clinical disease |
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Term
| Which samples should we collect for diagnosis of equine resp dz? |
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Definition
| -deep nasal or pharyngeal swabs and acute and convalescent serum samples |
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Term
| What kind of virus is EHV-1? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does EHV-1 replicate in the horse? Clinical signs? |
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Definition
-upper resp tract and lungs
-no resp dz in adult horses but fever, mucopurulent nasal discharge, pneumonia, and death of foals 1-4m |
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Term
| What kind of virus is EHV-4? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do horses clear EHV-4 after infection or remain carriers? |
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Definition
| -remain latently infected for life |
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Term
| Is EHV-4 common or uncommon? What approx percentage of horses in the general population is infected? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the incubation period of EHV-4? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is EHV-4 transmitted? |
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Definition
| -inhalation of infected droplets or by ingestion/contact wiht infected secretions |
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Term
| What is the name of the disease resulting from EHV-4? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the seasonality of rhinopneumonitis dur to EHV-4. |
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Definition
| -fall in foals and yearlings |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of EHV-4 in foals and yearlings? |
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Definition
| -fever, mucopurulent nasal catarrhal, conjunctivitis |
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Term
| Where does EHV-4 replicate in the body? |
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Definition
| -upper resp tract, lungs, tonsillar tissues |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Generally describe equine influenza. |
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Definition
| -acute, highly contagious febrile resp dz particularly in young horses |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of equine influenza? Describe its morbiidty. |
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Definition
-coughing
-explosive outbreaks with high morbidity (80-100%) |
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Term
| What are the two serotypes of equine influenza that are recognized? |
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Definition
-H7N7 or IA/E1
-H3N8 or IA/E2 |
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Term
| How is equine influenza tranmitted? |
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Definition
| -droplet, contact with ifnected animals |
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Term
| Which strain of influenza tends to cause more severe pulmonary signs in foals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 aspects of equine influenza can explain explosive outbreaks? |
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Definition
-short incubation period
-dureation of infectivity (about 1w)
-coughing to spread the virus |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of equine influenza? |
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Definition
| -sudden onset, fever, coughing, slight serouds nasal discharge, depression (Stifffness, head down), innapetence, dry hacking cough for weeks |
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Term
| In which cells does equine influenza replicate? |
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Definition
| -epi cells of resp mucosa |
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Term
| What is the best sample for equine influenza diagnosis? |
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Definition
| -deep nasal or pharyngeal swabs and paired serum samples |
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Term
| How do we diagnose equine influenza?- |
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Definition
| RT-PCR, CNT, HI on serology |
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Term
| Which type of vaccine do we ahve for equine influenza? |
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Definition
| -bivalent inactivated vaccine with adjuvant |
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Term
| What are the extra considerations with equine influenza vaccines? |
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Definition
-vaccine can give adverse rxns: swelling at site of injection and coughing ater 48h
-do NOT race within 10d of vaccination |
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Term
| What are the other names for Equine Viral Arteritis Virus? |
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Definition
-Epizootic cellulitis
-Pinkeye |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of EVA? |
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Definition
| -serous to mucoid nasal and ocular disharges, severe conjunctivitis (pink-eye), edema of lower legs/genitalia/mammary glands/abdomen |
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Term
| Which genus does Equine Rhinitis A Virus belong to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with equine rhinitis A virus? |
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Definition
-fever, pharyngitis, pharyngeal lymphadenitis and copious nasal disccharge which becomes mucopurulent
-coughing will last 2-3w!!!
-solid immunity after recover |
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Term
| How many serotypes of equine adenovirus are recongized? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe equine adenovirus infection. |
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Definition
-mild to inapparent resp infections in immuno-competent foals and adults
-fatal pneuumonia in Arab foals with inherited combined immunodeficiency |
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Term
| In which age group of horses is EHV-2 infection seen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of EHV-2? |
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Definition
| -purulent nasal discharge and lymphadenopathy (last for a week) |
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Term
| If EHV-2 infection is usually not a big deal, why bother mentioning it? |
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Definition
| -frequently isolated from nasal swabs of healthy foals so it helps to confuse diagnosis with more improtant EHV-1 and 4 |
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Term
| What disease results from hendra virus? |
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Definition
| -equine morbillibirus pneumonia |
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Term
| Where does hendra virus occur? |
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Definition
| -Australia -Paramyxoviridae |
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Term
To which virus family does hendra virus belong?
What are the clinical signs of Hendra virus? |
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Definition
| -fever, anorexia, depression, inc RR, inc HR, death in a high percentage of affected animals |
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Term
| What is the natural carrier of hendra virus? How is it transmitted to horses? |
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Definition
-fruit bats
-virus-infected feces/urine/saliva |
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Term
| Generally describe African Horse Sickness. |
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Definition
| -acute or subactue, insect-borne viral dz of equidae that is endemic to Africa |
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Term
| What kind of virus causes African Horse Sickness? To which virus family does it belong? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is African Horse Sickness transmitted? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe the seasonality of African Horse Sickness. |
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Definition
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Term
| Mortality of African Horse Sickness depends on what? |
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Definition
-virulence of the viral strain
-may reach 90% in epidemics |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of African Horse Sickness? |
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Definition
| -dyspnea, spasmodic coughing, dilated nostrils, sawhorse stance |
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Term
| What do you see at necropsy of African Horse Sickness? |
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Definition
-pulmonary edema with huge intralobular spaces
-lungs are distended and heavy with frothy fluid in the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles |
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