Term
| What causes neonatal isoerythrolysis in general |
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Definition
| -mare becomes sensitized to foal's RBCs |
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Term
| There are ___ blood groups and ___ RBC antigens in horses. Which two antigens are the most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs for NI? |
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Definition
-peracute hemolysis: shock, acute death
-weakness/lethargy
-icterus
-tachycardia, tachypnea
-pallor, anemia
-pigmenturia
-rare seizures |
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Term
| Describe the clinical pathology of NI. |
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Definition
-anema PCV 6-20%
-hyperbilirubinemia, bilirubinuria
-hemoglobinemia/hemoglobinuria
-acidosis
-concurrent sepsis
-rare: azotemia, hepatic enzymes, bile acids
-mules have thrombocytopenia |
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Term
| What diagnostic tests do we use for NI? (4) |
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Definition
-Hemolytic assays using foal RBCs and mares serum: requires complement, most sensitive
-jaundice foal agglutination test: using foal RBC and mare colostrum, complement not required but wasting colostrum
-Coombs test
-clow cytometry for Ab bound to RBC |
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Term
| What are the differentials for a suspected NI case? |
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Definition
-sepsis
-hypoxic-eschemic encephalopathy
-meningitis
-EHV-1
=hemorrhage: rib fractures, umbilicus, peritoneal |
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Term
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Definition
-blood transfusion: Dam = washed RBCs & gelding = Aa/Qa negative
-antimicrobials
-fluid and nutritional support
-nasal oxygen
-stall confinement
-oxyglobin
-seizure rx
-/+ corticosteroids |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of NI? What is it influenced by? |
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Definition
-generally good
-influence by: severity of anemia, sepsis, seizures, hepatic or renal compromise |
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Term
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Definition
-ID problem mares: previous history of NI foals and blood typing
-Aa, Qa, Ua, or Pa negative mares are at risk
-avoid Aa or Qa positive stallions
-30 day prior to parturition ACD hemolytic cross match screen RBC Ag
-JFA test at birth
-accurate breeding date
-milk calcium tests
-induce parturition
-prevent nursing 30-40 hours
-alternate colostral source
-plasma
-strip mare's udder: q2h
-milk replacer
-check passive transfer at 18-24h |
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