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Exam 3
Lecture 10- alcohol etc
89
Anatomy
8th Grade
10/28/2013

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Term
the fermented spirits-2
Definition
beer
wine
Term
the distilled spirits-2
Definition
whiskey
gin
Term
50 % of ppl > _ years old drink alcohol
Definition
12
Term
alcohol abuse is linked to _ diseases
Definition
60
Term
is alchol depedence considered a disease?
why?
Definition
yes
its a deviation from normal body characterisitcs
Term
its not how much or frequency of drinking, its if you have a -
Definition
compulsion to drink (WHEN you drink)
Term
does alcoholism have genetics?
Definition
yes (MAJOR role)
Term
what are some genes leading to alcoholism-3
Definition
GABA A2
D2
5HT 1B
Term
env factros that increase risk of alcoholism-2
Definition
urban residence
religious background
Term
with alcoholism the main problems are devlopment os what issues?-2
Definition
social
health
Term
social problems wiht alcoholism:2
Definition
marriage
loss of job
Term
medical complications with alcoholism-4
Definition
malnutrition/thiamine def
cardiomyopahty
pancreatitis
liver disease
Term
ethanol is what class of agent
Definition
CNS depressant ;sedative/hypnotic
Term
alcohol affetcs what NTs?-2
Definition
GABA
DA
Term
Alcohol on GABA-A recpt increase what ions?-3
Definition
serotonin
glycine
ACH
Term
alcohol acting on GABA A recptors decrease what ions-2
Definition
glutamate
Ca
Term
allosteric modulator of GABA A results in-3
Definition
hypnotic, sedation, anxiolysis,
Term
the motor incoordination from alcohol is result of what?
Definition
GABA A6 in cerebellum
Term
the direct opening of a GABA A recpt cna lead to?-2
Definition
death, narcotic effect
Term
the cognitive impairment by alcohl is done by inhibiting what recptors-2
Definition
inhibit NMDA and kainate recpts (glut)
Term
ethanol raises DA where?
Definition
nucleus accumbens
Term
how many grams of alcohol are in a 12 oz beer
Definition
14 grams
Term
a typical beer will increase blood alcohol level to what?
Definition
30 mg/dL
Term
what is a lethal blood alcohol level?
Definition
>500 mg/dL
Term
what is he absoprtion for alcohol in GI?
Definition
rapid in stomach and small intestine
Term
what can delay gastric empyting with alcohol?
Definition
food in stomach
Term
what is the enzyme that inactivates alcohol? -2
Definition
alcohol dehydrogenanse
aldehyde dehydrogenase
Term
what med inhibits alcohol dehydogenase ?
Definition
aspririn
Term
peak conc of alcohol is within-
Definition
30-90 min
Term
whcih enzyme converts alchol to acetaldehyde
Definition
alcohol dehydrogenase
Term
acetaldehyde is converted to _ which then is metab to -2
Definition
acetic acid
water nad CO2
Term
alcohol elimination follow what order kinetics?
Definition
zero
Term
max rate of alcohol eliminationis-
Definition
120 mg/kg/hr
Term
blood alcohol decreases at rate of _ per hour?
so how long for one beer?
Definition
15-20 mg/dL
2 hours
Term
alchol is broken down by which CYP?
*only improtant wiht chronic exposure bc of enzyme induction
Definition
2E1
Term
if pt has low acitvity of this enzyme they are prone to flushing when drinking
Definition
aldehyde dehydrogenase
Term
at larger doses blood alchol conc fallas linearly with time or log of blood alcohol?
Definition
linearly
Term
alcohol primarily effects what?
Definition
CNS
Term
loss of ocnciousness form alcohol is at what percent
Definition
.3%
Term
chronic alcoholism increases _ which damages hepatocytes?
this this leads to what?
Definition
acetaldehyde
fat accum (fatty liver) -> cirrhosis
Term
bc alcohol is a source of calories, it causes what chronically?
Definition
mal ingestion of proteins/vitamins like thaimine
Term
only chronic high intake of alcohol is damaging to brain, what are the diseases?-3
Definition
wernicke enceph
thaimine def
korsakow
Term
with light to moderate consuption alcohol cna reduce-3
when does it change?
Definition
CAD, ischemic stroke, total mortality
33g/d it now increases mortality
Term
with light to moderate alcohol it can increasE _ and reduce _
Definition
HDL
platelt aggregation
Term
how do you get hepatotoxicity from alcohol?
Definition
NADH + acetylCoA-> TGs->fatty liver->cirrhosis
Term
does alcoholism cause dehydration
Definition
yes!
Term
1/1000 babies have fetal alcohol syndrome
Definition
Term
acute alcohol withdrawl= hangover, wht are th sypmtoms-3
Definition
headache, nauseau, dry moouth
Term
chronic alcohlism withdrawal symtpoms-3
Definition
sweating
insomnia
tremor
Term
what drug class is good fro managing symtpoms of alchol withdrawal (like tremor/seizure)
Definition
BDZs
Term
treatment for severe alcohol withdrawla should be done where-2
Definition
clinic
hospital
Term
treatment for preventiuon of alcoholism replase is drugs + _
Definition
behavioral therapy
Term
what are the drugs for alcoholism prevention-2
Definition
disulfuram
naltrexone
Term
MOA of disulfuram
so if the eprson drinks alcohol it causes-3
Definition
inhibit aldehyde dehydrogenase
flushing, headahce, chest pain
Term
which med has compliance issues
Definition
disulfuram
Term
naltrexone MOA
what does it do?
Definition
anatag of opioid recpt
reeduces craving by attenuating effects of alcohol
Term
natural alkaloids-3
Definition
morphine
codeine
thebaine
Term
semi-synthetic opiate from morphine?
Definition
heroin
Term
semi-synthetic opiate from codine?-2
Definition
oxycod, hydrocod
Term
semi-synthetic opiate from thebaine?-2
Definition
buprenoprhine
naloxone
Term
opiods increase DA in the _, this acitavtes the _
Definition
VTA-> nucelus accumbens
pleasure pathway
Term
how do opioids increase DA?-2
Definition
decrease releas eof GABA
decrease stimulation of GABA
Term
what NT regulates DA release?
Definition
GABA
Term
opioids accum in hgihly perfused organs like brain, kidney, liver*
Definition
Term
no tolerance devlopes for what opioids effects-3
Definition
miosis
constipation
convulsions
Term
primary withdrwal symtoms of opiod withdrwal occur when
Definition
7-10 days
Term
secdonary withdrwal of opioids occurs when
Definition
24-30 weeks
Term
what are some symptoms of opiod withdrwal
Definition
muscle aches/fever
runny nose
N/V/D
Term
the new opioid with stong hallucinogenic prooperties is ?
Definition
salvinorin A
Term
what opioid works on the K opioid recptors
Definition
salvinorin A
Term
what are the recpotrs for marijuana
Definition
CB1
CB2
Term
where is CB1 located?
Definition
brain
Term
where is CB2 located?
Definition
periphery (includes testes)
Term
at high levels marijuana localizes where-2
Definition
hippocampus
cerebral cortex
Term
at moderate levels marijuana localizes where-3
Definition
spinal cord
hypothalmus
amygadala
Term
at hgih levels of marijuana what is the effect?
Definition
drug reinforcement
Term
marijuana interacts with what systems
Definition
endocannabinoid
Term
marijuana inhibits release of-3
this affects? -3
Definition
glut, DA, GABA
learning, movement, memory
Term
what is the most widely used illict drug?
Definition
marijuana
Term
what is the susntance in
marijuana that is the cannibinoid agonsit?
how much does a joint have?
Definition
triangle 9, THC
5-150 mg
Term
what is the active marijuana metab?
inactive?
Definition
11-hydroxy THC (mroe active than regular THC)
11-nor-carboxy THC
Term
how long can nor-carboxy THC be detected for?
Definition
2-3 days
Term
does marijuana have abuse potention?
Definition
yes, very high!
Term
marijuana has increased _ effects
it also increases-2
Definition
postivie subjective
heart rate, food intake
Term
in acute marijuana smokers what are negative effects
Definition
anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations
Term
meddicla marijuana can be used for-4
Definition
gluacoma
pain
appetie stimualnt
chemo induced nausea
Term
upon chronic use of marijuana there cna be what type fo depednence?
Definition
physical
Term
when is the only time there are marijuana withdrwal symtpoms?
Definition
in heavy users
Term
can marijuana affect fetus?
Definition
Yes
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