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Exam 3
Muscle, Heart, and Blood Vessels
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
02/26/2013

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Term
What are the 4 basic tissue types?
Definition
Muscle, connective, nervous, and epithelial
Term
Characteristics of muscle tissue
Definition
highly cellular, well vascularized, contratility, has 3 types: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Term
Skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated. This makes them
Definition
muscle fibers
Term
"Myo", "mys", and "sarco" refer to
Definition
muscle
Term
Skeletal muscles
Definition
attach to bones/cartilage or (some facial muscles) to skin; single very long, cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious striations
Term
Cardiac muscles
Definition
Term
Smooth muscles
Definition
unitary muscle in walls of hollow visceral organs; single, fusiform, uninucleate, no striations; slow and sustained contractions
Term
Skeletal muscles: voluntary or involuntary contractions?
Definition
Voluntary up to a point
Term
Cardiac muscles contraction speed
Definition
initiated by pacemaker, autonomic nerves innervate the heart. Sympathetic=speed up and increase contraction strength;parasympathetic=nerves slow and unable to regenerate/replace scar tissue
Term
What are examples of where smooth muscle is located?
Definition
intestines, bronchials, bladder, uterus, digestive tract, blood vessles; involuntary
Term
What are examples of where smooth muscle is located?
Definition
intestines, bronchials, bladder, uterus, digestive tract, blood vessles; involuntary
Term
each skeletal muscles is a discrete __________ made of muscle tissue and ____
Definition
organ; CT
Term
Skeletal muscles are served by its own supply of what?
Definition
blood and nerve
Term
Individual muscle cells=
Definition
muscle fibers
Term
Bundles of muscle fibers=
Definition
fascicles
Term
What surrounds individual fibers, fascicles and the entire muscle?
Definition
CT
Term
Epimysium
Definition
dense regular CT that surrounds muscle; fibers go in every which way.
Term
Perimysium
Definition
fibrous CT surrounds each fascicle
Term
Endomysium
Definition
fine areolar CT surrounds individual fibers
Term
Skeletal muscle cell is commonly termed as a
Definition
muscle fiber
Term
Fascicle
Definition
organized group of muscle fibers bounded by a perimysium
Term
Indirect attachment- skeletal muscle
Definition
epimysium extends beyond muscle
Term
Attachment of skeletal muscles form a _____, a ropelike strcuture, or ______, a sheetlike structure.
Definition
tendon; aponeurosis
Term
Tendon
Definition
ropelike structure
Term
Aponeurosis
Definition
indirect, sheetlike attachment (eoicranial)
Term
Direct attachment of skeletal muscles
Definition
epimysium of muscle fuses directly to periosteum of bone or perchondrium of cartilage
Term
skeletal and cardiac muscles are
Definition
both involuntary,
Term
Skeletal and cardiac muscles are both
Definition
striated
Term
Muscle in the small intestine is
Definition
smooth muscle
Term
The diaphragm muscle (attached to rib cage) is
Definition
skeletal muscle
Term
True or False: muscles can push or pull.
Definition
False. Muscles can only pull (contraction). They pull on skin or bone to which they attach
Term
Muscles cross joints, which means?
Definition
They contract to create movement at joints
Term
Muscles have to points of attachment:
Definition
Origin (O) and Insertion (I)
Term
Origin
Definition
O, fixed or immovable point of attachment
Term
Insertion
Definition
I, attaches to a movable bone
Term
In general, insertion moves ______ origin when muscles contract
Definition
toward
Term
On limbs, ____ is distal to _____
Definition
insertion, origin
Term
True or False: O and I must be on different bones
Definition
True
Term
What movement will occur if the muscle contracts in the humerus?
Definition
No movement
Term
Elbow joint: what movement is produced?
Definition
Forearm flexion at the elbow joint.
Term
What is true about temporalis muscle?
Definition
Skeletal muscle because it attaches to the skeleton, origin of muscle is a direct attachment, insertion of muscle is an indirect attachment (tendon), when the muscle contracts, I moves toward O and the jaw is elevated
Term
Prime movers
Definition
agonists; has the major responsibility for a specific action
Term
Anatagonists
Definition
oppose or reverse a particular movement
Term
If the muscle action is elbow flexion, then the agonist and antagonist would be:
Definition
agonist: biceps brachii
antagonist: triceps brachii
Term
If the muscle action is elxbow extension, then the agonist and antagonist would be:
Definition
agonist: triceps brachii
antagonist: biceps brachii
Term
Synergists
Definition
add force to a movement; assist prime mover; reduce undesirable movements
Term
Fixators
Definition
synergists that immobile ("fixate") a bone; example: fixators at wrist prevent wrist flexion while fingers flex
Term
How do we name the muscles?
Definition
location for bone or bone region
Term
Where are intercostal muscles located?
Definition
between the ribs
Term
Ceps means
Definition
head
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