Term
| system of MOTOR neurons that innervate: |
|
Definition
| smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands |
|
|
Term
| what is the main function of the Autonomic nervous system? give examples(4) |
|
Definition
| regulates visceral functions (ie. heart rate, blood pressure, digestions, urination) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| general visceral motor division of the PNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sensory Afferent
Motor Efferent |
|
|
Term
| the PNS is broken into two major groups called? |
|
Definition
| Sensory(Afferent) and Motor(Efferent) |
|
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Term
| Sensory (Afferent) is broken up into? |
|
Definition
| Somatic and Visceral sensory |
|
|
Term
| Motor(Efferent) is broken up into? |
|
Definition
| Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems |
|
|
Term
| Autonomic nervous system is broken up into? |
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Definition
| sympathetic and parasympathetic divison |
|
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Term
| MOST of which peripheral nerves serve the somatic system? |
|
Definition
| All mixed cranial nerves & all spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| SOME of which peripheral nerves serve the autonomic & somatic systems? which one does not serve the somatic system at all? |
|
Definition
some cranial (III, VII, IX, X), thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal nerves
(NOT CERVICAL) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two motor nuerons are involved with an autonomic ganglion |
|
|
Term
Motor nuerons
Somatic nervous system |
|
Definition
| one motor nueron runs from CNS to innervated muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| chain of two motor nuerons (pre & post ganglionic) |
|
|
Term
Motor unit
Somatic nervous system |
|
Definition
| single motor neuron and muscle fibers innervated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pre ganglionic- thin, lightly myelinated
post ganglionic- thinner, UNmyelinated |
|
|
Term
Structure
Somatic nervous sytem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Excitatory or Inhibitory effect |
|
|
Term
Effect
Somatic nervous sytem |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitter is ACh or Norepherine (NE): receptors are scattered throughout organ |
|
|
Term
Neurotransmitter location
Somatice nervous system |
|
Definition
| Neurotransmitter is ACh at motor endplate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tragets can function with out nueral input; there is a basic level of activity (ANS regulates it (up or down)) |
|
|
Term
Ability
Somatic nervous system |
|
Definition
| Action is dependent on motor nerves (denervation causes paralysis, no muscle tone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves
"thoracolumbar" |
|
|
Term
CNS origin
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
Cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves
"craniosacral" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
"fight or flight"
(active functions- excercise, etc) |
|
|
Term
Functions
Parasympathetic |
|
Definition
housekeeping
(resting functions- digestion, etc) |
|
|
Term
Neuron length
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
preganglionic: Short
Postgangionic:Long |
|
|
Term
Neuron length
Parasympathetic
|
|
Definition
preganglionic: Long
postganglionic: short |
|
|
Term
location of pre&post synapse
sympathetic |
|
Definition
| proximal (near spinal cord) |
|
|
Term
location of pre&post synapse
parasympathetic |
|
Definition
| Distal (near target organ) |
|
|
Term
neurotransmitter
Sympathetic |
|
Definition
preganglionic: ACh
postganglionic: NE |
|
|
Term
neurotransmitter
parasympathetic |
|
Definition
preganglionic: ACh
postganglionic:ACh |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more general activiation, all at once |
|
|
Term
activation
parasympathetic |
|
Definition
| more selective activation of specific targets |
|
|
Term
Parasympathetic division
Cranial outflow(4) |
|
Definition
1.oculomotor(III)
2.Facial (VII)
3.Glossophyrngeal(IX)
4.Vagus(X) |
|
|
Term
| what kind of ganglion does the oculomotor(III) have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kinds of ganglion does facial (VII) have? |
|
Definition
-pterygopalatine ganglion
-submandibular ganglion |
|
|
Term
| what kind of ganglion does Glossopharyngeal(IX) have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of ganglion does Vagus (X) have? |
|
Definition
it does NOT have ganglion it has plexuses
- cardiac, pulmonary, esophogeal, celiac, superior messenteric plexuses |
|
|
Term
Parasympatheric division
Sacral outflow (1) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what kind of plexus does the pelvic splanchnic nn have? |
|
Definition
| inferior hypogastric plexus |
|
|
Term
Sympathetic division
sympathetic trunk ganglia
|
|
Definition
| 1 per spinal nerve, except in cervical region |
|
|
Term
| what are the three regions the cervical region is broken up into for sympathetic trunk ganglia |
|
Definition
-superior cervical ganglion
-middle cervical ganglion
-inferior cervical ganglion |
|
|
Term
sympathetic division
Collateral ganglia
what is the characteristic? location?(2 things) |
|
Definition
-not paired or segmentally ranged
-only in abs and pelvis
-lie anterior to vertebral column
|
|
|
Term
| what are the ganglia that lie anterior to the vertebral column for the collateral ganglia in the sympathetic division? |
|
Definition
celiac,
superior mesenteric,
inferior mesenteric,
inferior hypogastric ganglion |
|
|
Term
respitory system
sympathetic (3 things) |
|
Definition
dialates bronchioles,
decreases mucous in airways,
deeper breaths |
|
|
Term
respitory system
parasympathetic (3 things) |
|
Definition
constricts bronchioles,
increases mucous in airways,
shallower breathes |
|
|
Term
Cardio system
sympathetic (3) |
|
Definition
increases HR,
increases muscle contraction strength
vasoconstriction
|
|
|
Term
cardio system
parasympathetic (2) |
|
Definition
decreases HR
decreases muscle contraction strength |
|
|
Term
Digestive system
sympathetic (3 things) |
|
Definition
decreases saliva
thickens secretion
decreases GI tract motility |
|
|
Term
digestive system
parasympathetic (3 things) |
|
Definition
increases saliva
thins secretions
increases GI tract motility |
|
|
Term
sweat glands
sympathetic (1)
what is the most increases? |
|
Definition
| increases sweat secretion (esp. eccrine) |
|
|
Term
sweat glands
parasympathetic |
|
Definition
| NO parasympathetic innervation to sweat glands |
|
|
Term
Energy stores
sympathetic |
|
Definition
releases fuel (catabolic)
ie. glycogenolysis |
|
|
Term
energy stores
parasympathetic |
|
Definition
stores fuel (anabolic)
ie. gylcogeneis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
where is the adrenal gland located?
|
|
Definition
| superior side of the kidney |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Adrenal medulla
medulla=? |
|
Definition
| inner portion(sympathetic ganglion) |
|
|
Term
| what controlls the andrenal medulla? |
|
Definition
| sympathetic nervous system (preganglionic neurons from the thoracic spinal nerve- NO post ganglionic nueron to target organ) |
|
|
Term
adrenal medulla
secretion |
|
Definition
| epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine (catecholamines) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all sympathetic target organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reinforces sympathetic mass activation, hormonal effect lasts longer (10 x longer) |
|
|
Term
| what are the effects of the adrenal medulla? |
|
Definition
increase HR,
dilate coronary vessels,
increase mental alertness,
incease resp. rate
increase metabolic rate |
|
|
Term
visceral sensory neurons
general visceral neurons(5) |
|
Definition
stretch
temperature
chemicals
irritation
most are free nerve endings |
|
|
Term
visceral sensory neurons
reffered pain |
|
Definition
-difficulty pinpointing signals
-people often perceive that the pain is coming from somatic areas like the skin or outer body (ie. heart attack pain in left arm) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
brain stem and spinal cord
hypothalamus
amygdala(part of limbic system)
cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
control of ANS
brain stem and spinal cord |
|
Definition
| reticular formation-most direct influence |
|
|
Term
control of the ANS
hypothalamus |
|
Definition
| mainintergration center of ANS- directs parasympathetic and sympathetic activities |
|
|
Term
control of ANS
amygdala(part of limbic system) |
|
Definition
| stimulates sympathetic activity-fear |
|
|
Term
control of ANS
cerebral cortex |
|
Definition
| con overcome responses with relaxation, etc |
|
|
Term
ANS disorders
Autonomic dysreflexia (mass reflex reaction) |
|
Definition
-uncontrolled activiation of ANS motor nuerons
-affects people with spinal cord injuries above T6 levels
-when cord injury first happens there are no reflexes, but they return later and are exaggerated due to lack of inhibitory input from brain
-initial trigger causes mass activity of reflexes;body spasms, colon adn bladder empty, sweating, high BP
-exact mechanisms unknown |
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