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Exam 3
Chapter 15
74
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/14/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
system of MOTOR neurons that innervate:
Definition
smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Term
what is the main function of the Autonomic nervous system? give examples(4)
Definition
regulates visceral functions (ie. heart rate, blood pressure, digestions, urination)
Term
ANS=?
Definition
general visceral motor division of the PNS
Term
S.A.M.E stands for?
Definition

Sensory Afferent

Motor Efferent

Term
the PNS is broken into two major groups called?
Definition
Sensory(Afferent) and Motor(Efferent)
Term
Sensory (Afferent) is broken up into?
Definition
Somatic and Visceral sensory
Term
Motor(Efferent) is broken up into?
Definition
Somatic and Autonomic nervous systems
Term
Autonomic nervous system is broken up into?
Definition
sympathetic and parasympathetic divison
Term
MOST of which peripheral nerves serve the somatic system?
Definition
All mixed cranial nerves & all spinal nerves
Term
SOME of which peripheral nerves serve the autonomic & somatic systems? which one does not serve the somatic system at all?
Definition

some cranial (III, VII, IX, X), thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal nerves

(NOT CERVICAL)

Term

Motor nuerons

 

ANS

Definition
Two motor nuerons are involved with an autonomic ganglion
Term

Motor nuerons

 

Somatic nervous system

Definition
one motor nueron runs from CNS to innervated muscle
Term

Motor unit

 

ANS

Definition
chain of two motor nuerons (pre & post ganglionic)
Term

Motor unit

 

Somatic nervous system

Definition
single motor neuron and muscle fibers innervated
Term

structure

 

ANS

Definition

Pre ganglionic- thin, lightly myelinated

post ganglionic- thinner, UNmyelinated

Term

Structure

Somatic nervous sytem

Definition
thick, myelinated axons
Term

Effect

ANS

Definition
Excitatory or Inhibitory effect
Term

Effect

Somatic nervous sytem

Definition
Excitatory only
Term

Neurotrans location

ANS

Definition
Neurotransmitter is ACh or Norepherine (NE): receptors are scattered throughout organ
Term

Neurotransmitter location

Somatice nervous system

Definition
Neurotransmitter is ACh at motor endplate
Term

Ability

ANS

Definition
Tragets can function with out nueral input; there is a basic level of activity (ANS regulates it (up or down))
Term

Ability

Somatic nervous system

Definition
Action is dependent on motor nerves (denervation causes paralysis, no muscle tone)
Term

CNS origin

Sympathetic

Definition

thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

"thoracolumbar"

Term

CNS origin

Parasympathetic

Definition

Cranial nerves and sacral spinal nerves

"craniosacral"

Term

Functions

Sympathetic

Definition

"fight or flight"

(active functions- excercise, etc)

Term

Functions

Parasympathetic

Definition

housekeeping

(resting functions- digestion, etc)

Term

Neuron length

Sympathetic

Definition

preganglionic: Short

Postgangionic:Long

Term

Neuron length

Parasympathetic

 

Definition

preganglionic: Long

postganglionic: short

Term

location of pre&post synapse

sympathetic

Definition
proximal (near spinal cord)
Term

location of pre&post synapse

parasympathetic

Definition
Distal (near target organ)
Term

neurotransmitter

Sympathetic

Definition

preganglionic: ACh

postganglionic: NE

Term

neurotransmitter

parasympathetic

Definition

preganglionic: ACh

postganglionic:ACh

Term

Activation

sympathetic

Definition
more general activiation, all at once
Term

activation

parasympathetic

Definition
more selective activation of specific targets
Term

Parasympathetic division

Cranial outflow(4)

Definition

1.oculomotor(III)

2.Facial (VII)

3.Glossophyrngeal(IX)

4.Vagus(X)

Term
what kind of ganglion does the oculomotor(III) have?
Definition
Ciliary ganglion
Term
what kinds of ganglion does facial (VII) have?
Definition

-pterygopalatine ganglion

-submandibular ganglion

Term
what kind of ganglion does Glossopharyngeal(IX) have?
Definition
otic ganglion
Term
what kind of ganglion does Vagus (X) have?
Definition

it does NOT have ganglion it has plexuses

- cardiac, pulmonary, esophogeal, celiac, superior messenteric plexuses

Term

Parasympatheric division

Sacral outflow (1)

Definition
pelvic splanchnic nn
Term
what kind of plexus does the pelvic splanchnic nn have?
Definition
inferior hypogastric plexus
Term

Sympathetic division

sympathetic trunk ganglia

 

Definition
1 per spinal nerve, except in cervical region
Term
what are the three regions the cervical region is broken up into for sympathetic trunk ganglia
Definition

-superior cervical ganglion

-middle cervical ganglion

-inferior cervical ganglion

Term

sympathetic division

Collateral ganglia

what is the characteristic? location?(2 things)

Definition

-not paired or segmentally ranged

 

-only in abs and pelvis

-lie anterior to vertebral column

 

Term
what are the ganglia that lie anterior to the vertebral column for the collateral ganglia in the sympathetic division?
Definition

celiac,

superior mesenteric,

inferior mesenteric,

inferior hypogastric ganglion

Term

respitory system

sympathetic (3 things)

Definition

dialates bronchioles,

decreases mucous in airways,

 deeper breaths

Term

respitory system

parasympathetic (3 things)

Definition

constricts bronchioles,

increases mucous in airways,

shallower breathes

Term

Cardio system

sympathetic (3)

Definition

increases HR,

increases muscle contraction strength

vasoconstriction

 

Term

cardio system

parasympathetic (2)

Definition

decreases HR

decreases muscle contraction strength

Term

Digestive system

sympathetic (3 things)

Definition

decreases saliva

thickens secretion

decreases GI tract motility

Term

digestive system

parasympathetic (3 things)

Definition

increases saliva

thins secretions

increases GI tract motility

Term

sweat glands

sympathetic (1)

what is the most increases?

Definition
increases sweat secretion (esp. eccrine)
Term

sweat glands

parasympathetic

Definition
NO parasympathetic innervation to sweat glands
Term

Energy stores

sympathetic

Definition

releases fuel (catabolic)

ie. glycogenolysis

Term

energy stores

parasympathetic

Definition

stores fuel (anabolic)

ie. gylcogeneis

Term

exercise

sympathetic

Definition
increases activity
Term

exercise

parasympathetic

Definition
decreases activity
Term

where is the adrenal gland located?

 

Definition
superior side of the kidney
Term

Adrenal medulla

cortex=?

Definition
outer portion
Term

Adrenal medulla

medulla=?

Definition
inner portion(sympathetic ganglion)
Term
what controlls the andrenal medulla?
Definition
sympathetic nervous system (preganglionic neurons from the thoracic spinal nerve- NO post ganglionic nueron to target organ)
Term

adrenal medulla

secretion

Definition
epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine (catecholamines)
Term

adrenal medulla

target

 

Definition
all sympathetic target organs 
Term

adrenal medulla

effects

Definition
reinforces sympathetic mass activation, hormonal effect lasts longer (10 x longer)
Term
what are the effects of the adrenal medulla?
Definition

increase HR,

dilate coronary vessels,

increase mental alertness,

incease resp. rate

increase metabolic rate

Term

visceral sensory neurons

general visceral neurons(5)

Definition

stretch

temperature

chemicals

irritation

most are free nerve endings

Term

visceral sensory neurons

reffered pain

Definition

-difficulty pinpointing signals

-people often perceive that the pain is coming from somatic areas like the skin or outer body (ie. heart attack pain in left arm)

Term
Control of ANS (4)
Definition

brain stem and spinal cord

hypothalamus

amygdala(part of limbic system)

cerebral cortex

Term

control of ANS

brain stem and spinal cord

Definition
reticular formation-most direct influence
Term

control of the ANS

hypothalamus

Definition
mainintergration center of ANS- directs parasympathetic and sympathetic activities
Term

control of ANS

amygdala(part of limbic system)

Definition
stimulates sympathetic activity-fear
Term

control of ANS

cerebral cortex

Definition
con overcome responses with relaxation, etc
Term

ANS disorders

Autonomic dysreflexia (mass reflex reaction)

Definition

-uncontrolled activiation of ANS motor nuerons

-affects people with spinal cord injuries above T6 levels

-when cord injury first happens there are no reflexes, but they return later and are exaggerated due to lack of inhibitory input from brain

-initial trigger causes mass activity of reflexes;body spasms, colon adn bladder empty, sweating, high BP

-exact mechanisms unknown

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