Term
| general features of alimentary canal |
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Definition
muscular tube
begins at mouth, ends at anus
contains several specialized regions |
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Term
| functions of alimentary canal |
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Definition
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Term
| regions of alimentary canal |
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Definition
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine |
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Term
| accessory organs of alimentary canal |
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Definition
teeth
tongue
gallbladder
salivary glands
liver
pancreas |
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Term
| function of serous membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| serous membranes of digestive system |
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Definition
parietal peritoneum
visceral peritoneum
both are continuous |
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Term
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Definition
| lines abdominopelvic cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| lines external surface of most digestive organs |
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Term
| function of serous membranes in peritoneal cavity |
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Definition
lubricates digestive organs
allows them to slide across one another |
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Term
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Definition
| fused double layer of parietal peritoneum that helps hold organs in place |
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Term
| what does the mesentery provide? |
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Definition
| routes for blood, lymphatics, and nerves to reach organs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| parts of some organs lose mesentery and become located dorsal to peritoneum |
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Term
| generalized structure of alimentary wall |
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Definition
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa (adventitia) |
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Term
|
Definition
| moist mucous membrane that lines lumen |
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Term
|
Definition
| epithelial tissue and thin underlying connective tissue (lamina propria) |
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Term
|
Definition
protection against infectious diseases
absorption of end products of digestion
secretion of mucus and digestive enzymes |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
carries blood/lymphatic vessel, nerves
transports absorbed nutrients |
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Term
| composition of muscularis externa |
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Definition
| 2-3 layers of smooth muscle arranced in circular and longitudinal bundles |
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Term
|
Definition
| rhythmic contractions of smooth muscle that propel food through GI tract |
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Term
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Definition
| peristaltic waves that churn and mix food as it passes through the GI tracts |
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Term
| what portions of GI tract have segmentation? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
connective tissue and outer mesothelium
includes visceral peritoneum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ring-like muscular valves formed by thickened areas of muscularis externa |
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Term
|
Definition
prevent backflow of food into GI tract
regulate entry/exit from organs |
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Term
|
Definition
located outside GI tract but empty secretions into GI tract via ducts |
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Term
| protection of GI from itself |
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Definition
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Term
| where does mucous come from |
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Definition
| primarily goblet cells dispersed throughout GI tract |
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Term
|
Definition
digestive enzymes secreted in an inactive form
activated at site of action when food is present |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| chemical and mechanical stimuli |
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Term
| what do mechanoreceptors sense? |
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Definition
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Term
| what do chemoreceptors sense |
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Definition
osmolarity
pH
presence of certain substances |
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Term
| what reflexes do receptors initiate |
|
Definition
activation of inhibition of gland secretions into lumen
hormone secretions
mixing
peristalsis |
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Term
| hormonal control of GI function |
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Definition
| some endocrine cells are present that communicate locally and via bloodstream to anther organ |
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Term
| steps of digestive process |
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Definition
ingestion
propulsion
mechanical digestion
chemical digestion
absorption
defecation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process that moves food through the alimentary canal |
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Term
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Definition
physical grinding or mixing of food to increase surface area for chemical digestion
keeps food exposed for chemical digestion |
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Term
|
Definition
| catabolic process by which food materials are broken down to their basic components |
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Term
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Definition
breakdown carbs
nucleic acids
proteins
lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| transport of digested food materials across the cell membrane of intestines into blood or lymphatic vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| elimination of undigested solid wastes from the large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| secrete a variety of hormones into the underlying lamina propria |
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Term
| intestinal gastrin reflex |
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Definition
chyme enter proximal small intestine
distension
continued secretion of gastric juice
mimics gastrin activity |
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Term
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Definition
continued distension activates stretch receptors in wall of small intestine
slows rate of peristalsis in stomach
tightens pyloric sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 peristaltic waves per minute move toward the pylorus |
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