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Exam 2
Dugat: Sx of urethra, penis, & prepuce
29
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
04/13/2017

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Cards

Term
Why are male dogs predisposed to stones as opposed to female dogs?
Definition
-longer urethra
Term
What are the three divisions of the male urethra?
Definition
-pre-prostatic: pelvic caval
-prostatic: pelvic canal
-membranous
Term
What are the two most common locations for stones getting lodged?
Definition
-distal urethra
-proximal to os penis
Term
What is the ideal solution for urethral stones?
Definition
-urohydropulsion
Term
Why do we use urohydropulsion on urethral stones?
Definition
-avoid urethrotomy if possible
Term
Why would we perform a urohydropulsion before a cystotomy?
Definition
-b/c if not an intact bladder, when we fill it w/ fluid it has a high chance of leaking through sx site
Term
What do you do before a urohydropulsion?
Definition
-rads to visualize stones
Term
What is a urethrotomy?
Definition
-incision made into urethra
Term
What are the indications for urethrotomy?
Definition
-stone retrieval
-FB retrieval
-biopsy a lesion
Term
How do we close a urethrotomy incision?
Definition
-precise apposition of incisional margins
Term
Why do we close urethrotomy incision?
Definition
-prevent granulation tissue formation
-reduce risk of stricture formation
Term
Why would we not allow a urethrotomy incision to heal by second intention?
Definition
-huge risk of hemorrhage
-urine leakage
-inc risk for stricture
Term
What is a urethrostomy?
Definition
-creating a permanent opening for urination
Term
What are some indications for urethrostomy?
Definition
-any urethral obstruction
-FLUTD/FIC
-urethral/penile trauma
-neoplasia
-calculi that cannot be removed
Term
What is the most common signalment of a urethrostomy?
Definition
-repeat offenders, esp cats
Term
Where is the best spot to perform a urethrostomy in a dog?
Definition
-scrotal
Term
Where is the best spot to perform a urethrostomy in a cat?
Definition
-perineal
Term
Describe the surgical technique of urethrostomy.
Definition
-castration may need to be performed
-presurgical catheter placement to ID urethra
-create a stoma: perfect mucocutaneous apposition
Term
Why is scrotal urethrostomy preferred in dogs?
Definition
-urethra is widest = less risk of stricture
-urethra is most superficial = dissecting less tissue to get to it
-less hemorrhage due to lack of cavernous tissue
Term
Why is a perineal urethrostomy preferred in cats?
Definition
-easiest access
-maintains normal anatomic position
Term
What must you remember about perineal urethrostomies in cats?
Definition
-penis must be dissected to the bulbourethral glands
-new urethral opening should fit hemostat box loc
-drain board is necessary to prevent urine scald
Term
What are some complications of a urethrostomy?
Definition
-urethral stricture: inadequate apposition, dissection, self-trauma
-urine leakage: inadequate apposition
-UTI
Term
What are some postop considerations of a urethrostomy?
Definition
-fluids
-monitor urination
-E-collar is absolute msut
-don't palce u-cath
Term
How do we usually fix a urethral laceration?
Definition
-rarely require sx apposition
Term
If the urethra is completely transected, what do we do?
Definition
-primary anastomosis
-urethrostomy
Term
What is a urethral prolapse?
Definition
-prolapse of urethral mucosa beyond tip of penis
Term
What are some causes of urethral prolapse?
Definition
-excitement
-chronic irritation
-infection
Term
Describe the clinical presentation of urethral prolapse.
Definition
-often bulldogs
-urethral bleeding
-visualized on exam
Term
What are some treatment options for a urethral prolapse?
Definition
-urethral resection
-urehtropexy
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