Term
| What is Polyuria? What is the clinical cut-off? |
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Definition
-excessive urination
->50 ml/kg/day- |
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Term
| What is polydypsia? What is the clinical cut-off? |
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Definition
-excesive water consumption
->100 mls/kg/day |
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Term
| Which test is the most helpful in eliminating PU/PD as a differential? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we do if owner observations do not match with rine concentration? |
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Definition
| -have the client measure water consumption at home |
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Term
| What controls water intake & thirst? |
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Definition
| -hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and kidney |
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Term
| Thirst is primarily stimulated by what? |
|
Definition
-inc in plasma osmolality
-others: arterial hypotension, fever, pain, drugs |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is ADH stored? What does it stimulate? |
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Definition
-pituitary
-stimulate thirst |
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Term
| Water permeability is dependent on what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Permeability of the nephron to urea is fairly low except in the inner medulla. How is this affected by the presence of ADH? |
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Definition
-enhanced
-during times of water conservation, ADH is inc => inc [urea] in medulla |
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Term
| What two things are necessary for additional concentration of urine to occur? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What are the general physiologic causes of PU/PD? |
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Definition
-brain can't make or release ADH
-kidney can't respond to ADH
-excreted fluid overwhelms absorption system (medullary washout) |
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Term
| What are the 3 most common causes of PU/PD in dogs? |
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Definition
-CKD
-DM
-Cushing's (hyperadrenocorticism) |
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Term
| What are the 3 most common causes of PU/PD in cats? |
|
Definition
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Term
| When would we perform urine culture in a PU/PD case? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would we perform ACTH stim testing in a PU/PD dog? |
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Definition
| -Addison's (hypoadrenocorticism) |
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Term
| Which imaging techniques do we perform on a PU/PD patient? |
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Definition
| -thoracic rads & abdominal U/S |
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Term
| What does iohexol clearance test do? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What does DDAVP (desmopressin) trial do? |
|
Definition
-it is a synthetic analog of ADH
-positive response = central DI |
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Term
| What constitutes a positive response to a DDAVP trial? |
|
Definition
| -dec water consumption & in cUSG |
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Term
| Why do we test for Addison's before a DDAVP trial? |
|
Definition
| -hypoadrenocorticism dogs will also have a positive response to this |
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Term
| Why would we not perform a modified water deprivation test? |
|
Definition
-azotemic
-dehydrated
-hypercalcemic
-significant systemic dz is present |
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Term
| Why would we stop a modified water deprivation test mid-test? |
|
Definition
-USG > 1.030 in dogs OR > 1.035 in cats
-clinical dehydration, azotemia, or illness
-serum osmolality > 320 mOsm/kg
-loss of 5% BW |
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Term
| If urine concentrates during a modified water deprivation test, what is the diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| If patient has inadequate conc w/ modified water deprivation test, give ADH & measure USG every 30 min. If urine concentrations >1.018 what is the diagnosis? If not, what is the diagnosis? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| -los or lack of pdn of vasopressin |
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Term
|
Definition
| -lack of response of kidney to vasopressin |
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Term
| What are some causes of central DI? |
|
Definition
-pituitary tumor in older animals
-head trauma
-pituitary sx
-idiopathic |
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Term
| What causes nephrogenic DI? |
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Definition
-primary/familial
-or secondary to a ton of renal & metabolic disordrs |
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Term
| What is primary polydispia? |
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Definition
| -typically a behaviro problem in young labs |
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