Term
| How do we ideally assess hydration? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Describe dehydration < 5%. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe dehydration 5-6%. |
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Definition
| -subtle loss of skin elasticity |
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Term
| Describe dehydration 6-8%. |
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Definition
-definite delay in return of skin to normal position
-slight prolongation of CRT
-eyes possible sunken in orbits
-possible dry mucous mem |
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Term
| Descrive 10-12% dehydration. |
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Definition
-tented skin stands in place
-definite prolongation of CRT
-eyes sunken in orbits
-dry MM
-possible signs of shock |
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Term
| Describe 12-15% dehydration. |
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Definition
-definite signs of shock
-imminent death |
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Term
| Which lab findings show dehydration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would you put a patient on fluids? |
|
Definition
-dehydration
-shock
-electrolyte abnormalities
-diuresis
-maintain BP
-nutrition |
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Term
| What are some examples of balanced fluid solutions? |
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Definition
-Lactated Ringer's
-Normosol
-Plasmalyte |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of balanced fluid solutions? |
|
Definition
-0.9% NaCL
-0.45% NaCL
-5% Dextrose |
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Term
| What is a crystalloid? How long before htey leave vessels? |
|
Definition
-contains electrolyte fluid components
-about 20-30 min |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common type of fluid used? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| What are maintenance crystalloids? Examples? |
|
Definition
-dec amt of sodium & inc amt of K
-ex: 0.9% NaCL, 0.45% NaCL, 5% Dextrose, LRS, NOrmosol, Plasmalyte |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -equivalent to admin pure water |
|
|
Term
| Can you maintain an anorexic animal on 5% Dextrose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do we add acetate, gluconate, and lactate to fluids? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the most common route of fluid admin? |
|
Definition
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Term
| Why do we give hypertonic fluids through a lerger vein? |
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Definition
| -to avoid phlebitis if smaller peripheral vv |
|
|
Term
| Why are jugular catheters awesome? |
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Definition
| -allow central venous P monitoring and repeated blood sampling |
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Term
| When are catheters changed? |
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Definition
| -every 72h at least & any time they cause issues |
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Term
| WHat is the typical SQ fluid dose? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: SQ fluids are adequate for shock or extreme dehydration. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, never b/c body shuts off blood flow to SQ space thus not absorbed |
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Term
| Can we give Dextrose or hypertonic fluids SQ? |
|
Definition
-NEVER
-Dextrose => abscess
-hypertonic => peeling skin |
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|
Term
| What fluids can we give IP? Risks? |
|
Definition
-isotonic fluids only
-risk of peritonitis |
|
|
Term
| Which animals do we use intraosseous catheters on? Any concerns? |
|
Definition
-very young or very small
-can be very painful |
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|
Term
| Where do we usually give intraooseus fluids? |
|
Definition
-ibial tuberosity
-trochanteric fossa
-wing of ileum
-greater tubercle of humerus |
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|
Term
| What is typical maintenance fluid rate? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What is canine shock dose of fluids? Feline? |
|
Definition
-canine: 80-90 mls/kg/hr
-feline: 40-50 mls/kg/hr |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical sings of overhydration? |
|
Definition
-serous nasal discharge
-cough due ot pulmonary edema
-chemosis
-dyspnea
-pulmonary crackles
-ascites
-PU
-exophthalmia
-diarrhea |
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|
Term
| When do you stop fluid therapy? |
|
Definition
-when the defect as been corrected & patient can maintain on its own
-patient develops problems secodnary to fluid therapy
-patients on high rates of fluids should be weaned off (esp AKI) |
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|
Term
| How do we wean patients off high rates of fluids? |
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Definition
| -dec fluid rate by 25-50% a day |
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