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Exam 3
Pulmonary & Pleural Pathology
46
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
03/01/2017

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Cards

Term
Definition: Atelectasis
Definition
-lack of air in alveoli resulting in failure of the lung to infalte
Term
What are the 4 types of atelectasis? Which is most common?
Definition
-congeintal: MOST COMMON
-obstructive
-compressive
-massive
Term
What is the most likely cause of diffuse atelectasis?
Definition
congenital
Term
How can we deterimine if a fetus took a breath at PM?
Definition
-look for blood clot at umbilicus
-place lung in water
Term
What determines if premature will survive?
Definition
-type II pneumocytes need to be developed to produce surfactant
Term
What is the most likely cause of unilateral cranioventral atelectasis?
Definition
-positional (compressive)
Term
What is the most likely cause of diffuse atelectasis with pleural effusion and lymph fluid?
Definition
-chylothorax
Term
What are some possible causes of diffuse atelectasis without effusion or exudate present?
Definition
-pneumothorax: most likely
-anesthesia-assoc
Term
When do we most commonly see PHA?
Definition
-pulmonaryhypoplasia with anasarca
-cattle: Angus, shorthorn, dexter, simmental, chianina
-see little water calves (puffy)
Term
What is emphysema?
Definition
-tissue expanded by air or other gas that damages the tissue
Term
What are the three major types of emphysema we see w/ pulmonary aeration?
Definition
-alveolar emphysema
-interstitial emphysema
-postmortem emphysema
Term
True or False: Overinflation and emphysema are synonyms.
Definition
-FALSE
Term
Clinically, what is emphysema usually assoc w/?
Definition
-airway obstruction or damage leading to rupture of alveoli and/or interstitium by trapped gas
Term
What is a bulla?
Definition
-a large air-filled space
Term
What does postmortem emphysema look like?
Definition
-emphysema w/ tissue coloration
Term
What does swine atrophic rhinitis look like? Why does it matter?
Definition
-turbinates are destroyed
-pneumonia = loss of feed efficienc
Term
What are the two most common causes of AR in grower pigs?
Definition
-Pasteurella multocida (types D & A): toxin causing bone lysis
-Bordetella bronchiseptica
Term
What causes inclusion body rhinitis in young pigs? Describe it.
Definition
-porcine cytomegalovirus (herpesvirus)
-mild dz: high morbidity & low mortality
-sneezing & inc lacrimation
-IN inclusion bodies
Term
What is equine postmortem nasal froth?
Definition
-common finding nin horses and reflects agonal breathing
Term
What is an equine progresive ethmoid hemaoma (PEH)?
Definition
-acts like a benign cancer
Term
What is the word for pus in guttural pouch?
Definition
-empyema
Term
What is the word for fungal infection in pouch?
Definition
-mycosis
Term
What does pus form when it becomes inspissated in a guttural pouch?
Definition
-chondroids
Term
What is special about epithelium in nasal cavity?
Definition
-squamous to transitional to glandular
Term
Are most nasal cavity neoplasia benign or malignant? How do they behave?
Definition
->75% malignant
-slow growing, invasive, and descrtuctive
Term
What is the most common clinical signs seen w/ nasal tumors?
Definition
-unilateral or bilateral nasal discharge (commonly mucopurulent, occasionally bloody)
Term
What is the most common malignancy in the nasal cavity of the dog?
Definition
-carcinoma
Term
What is the most common epi neoplasm in nasal cavity of horse & cat?
Definition
-SCC
Term
What is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm in the nasal cavity of the cat?
Definition
-lymphoma
Term
What is the most common mesenchymal neoplasm in nasal cavity of dogs?
Definition
-chondrosarcoma
Term
What is the average age of dogs affected by primary pulmonary tumors? Cats?
Definition
-10.8y
-12-13y
Term
Which lobe is most commonly affected by primary pulmonary tumors?
Definition
-right caudal
Term
What are the clinical signs of primary pulmonary tumors?
Definition
-cough
-dyspnea
-lethargy
-wt loss
Term
Where do metastatic pulmonary carcinomas usually met?
Definition
-digits
Term
Lung is common metestatic site for _____ and _____ malignancies.
Definition
-epithelial (carcinoma)
-mesenchymal (sarcoma)
Term
How would you differentiate metastatic HSA from malignant melanoma?
Definition
-incise mass and blot on paper
-bloody = HSA & black = melanin
Term
What is melanosis?
Definition
-random deposits of melanin that look liek black splotches
Term
What is penumoconiosis?
Definition
-pinpoint black deposits of carbon
Term
Why do the lugns have an orange-brown hue?
Definition
-menosiderosis secondary to left heart failure
Term
What causes red lungs?
Definition
-congestion
-hemorrhage
Term
What causes black lungs?
Definition
-melanosis
-pneumoconiosis
-autolysis
Term
What causes red-black lungs?
Definition
-necrosis
Term
What causes orange-brown lungs?
Definition
-hemosiderosis
Term
What do you think w/ ruminant epistaxis?
Definition
-liver abscess
Term
What usually causes liver abscesses in cattle?
Definition
-rumenitis secondary to rumen acidosis
Term
What does cryptococcosis usually look like?
Definition
-big red bump on nose
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