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Exam 2
Pulmonary Path 1
37
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
02/27/2017

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Cards

Term
What are the guidelines for describing the typical gross appearance of the lung?
Definition
-state of inflation
-color
-pattern/distribution
-presence of abnormal material or fluid
Term
What are our texture options of lung?
Definition
-spongy
-rubbery
-firm
-nodular
-gritty
-cystic
Term
What are your options for what you see when you cut the lung?
Definition
-exudate
-mucus
-fluid: clear/colored
-mass
-foreign material
Term
What does a normal lung look like and feel like?
Definition
-pink & spongy
Term
What is special about ruminant lungs?
Definition
-caudodorsal portions of visceral pleura are normally thickened
Term
What is special about elephant lungs?
Definition
-visceral & parietal pleura are fused
Term
True or FAlse: Rib impressions are normal in birds since the lungs are fixed (no diaphragm)
Definition
-TRUE
Term
What is special about the interlobular septa in cattle & pigs?
Definition
-very prominent
Term
What is the pluck?
Definition
-tongue
-esophagus
-larynx
-trachea
-lungs
-heart
Term
What do normal lungs do in water or formalin?
Definition
-float
Term
When can abnormal lungs float in formalin?
Definition
-partially aerated
-artificially aerated: CPR, chest compressions during parturition
-contains gas: bacterial gas pdn
Term
Why do abnormal lungs sink in formalin?
Definition
-pulmonary spaces lack enough air to loat
-pulmonary air spaces contain material of equal or greater density of water
Term
Failure of the lung to collapse may be due to what...? (TEST QUESTION)
Definition
-airway obstruction
-pulmonary edema
-pulmonary fibrosis
-pulmonary mineralization
-pneumonia
-pleuritis
-neoplasia
Term
Give wome examples of airway obstruction that would cause failure of the lung collapsing?
Definition
-bronchiolitis: COPD
-bronchitis
-laryngotracheal
Term
What does pulmonary look like?
Definition
-red, wet, havy w/ froth in distal trachea
Term
What is the froth that is present w/ pulmonary edema? Where does it come from?
Definition
-surfactant
-type II pneumocytes
Term
If froth is present w/ pulmonary edema, which organ do you examine next?
Definition
-heart (left side)
Term
How do we describe pulmonary fibrosis?
Definition
-slightly firm, very rubbery, cut w/ great resistance
Term
What are some of the causes of pulmonary fibrosis?
Definition
-repair from previous injury
-equine nodular fibrosis: EHV5, COPD
-feline idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Term
How do we describe pulmonary mineralization?
Definition
-lungs collapse on palpation and are gritty to tough and when cut
Term
Which organ do you look at next if you see pulmonary mineralization? Why?
Definition
-parathyroid gland
-renal secodnary hyperparathyroidism
Term
What are some causes of pulmonary mineralization?
Definition
-uremic pneumonitis
-soft tissue mineralization assoc w/ renal hypercalcemia
-mineralization may involve pleura, interstitium, alvolar septums, vascualture, and perivascular adventitia
Term
How do we describe pulmonary minerlization?
Definition
-hard, gritty, nodules w/ consistency of bone
-generally incidental
Term
In which animals is pulmonary mineralization most common?
Definition
-broilers w/ ascites/heart failure
Term
What is pleuritis?
Definition
-adheseions of the visceral and parietal pleura
Term
Is acute fibrous or fibrinous? Chronic?
Definition
-acute = fibrinous
-chronic = fibrous
Term
Which lung lobe is most commonly affected by neoplasia?
Definition
-right caudal
Term
What are the blue nodules surrounding the major pulmoary airways on histo of bronchi?
Definition
-BALT
Term
What is the purpose of alveolar macrophages?
Definition
-constitutes first line of pulmonary defense against organic and inorganic particulates
Term
What are the 3 cell types in the alveolus?
Definition
-alveolar epi
-capillary endo
-interstitial cell or fibroblast
Term
LOOK AT THE CARTOONS ON SLIDE 45
Definition
Term
What is the primary portal of entry for bronchopneumonia?
Definition
-inhalation is the primary portal of entry (aerogenous)
Term
What is the target of bronchopneumonia?
Definition
-terminal bronchioles & surrounding alveoli
Term
Why are terminal bronchioles & surrounding alveoli the taret of bronchopneumonia?
Definition
-diminished air velocity
-epi contact inc likelihood of attachment
-deficient defense due to lack of mucociliary apparatus
-dec clearance due to relatively inc surface area of alveoli
Term
What is the hallmark gross feature of bronchopneumonia?
Definition
-cranioventral distribution
Term
How do we describe bronchopneumonai?
Definition
-firm and meaty
Term
How do we describe pleuropneumonia?
Definition
-firm and meaty while necrotic areas are friabl
-WITH FIBRIN
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