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Exam 2
Nervous System I
31
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/17/2009

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Term
CNS
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
PNS
Definition
cranial nerves and spinal nerves
Term
sensory (afferent) division
Definition
conveys information TO the CNS from the sensory receptors (specific neurons or groups of neurons)
Term
motor (efferent) division
Definition
conveys information AWAY FROM the CNS
Term
somatic (voluntary) nervous system
Definition
innervates skeletal muscle
Term
autonomic (involuntary) nervous system
Definition
innervates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and all glands --> sympathetic, parasympathetic
Term
neurons
Definition
respond to stimuli and conduct impulses
Term
supporting cells (neuroglia)
Definition
support and protect neurons
Term
cell body
Definition
function responsible for nutrition, growth, and repair of neuron
Term
nucleus (DNA)
Definition
contains nucleolus (RNA)
Term
nissl bodies
Definition
rough ER
Term
dendrites
Definition
conduct incoming messages TOWARD cell body
Term
axon
Definition
it generates and transmits a nerves impulse (action potential) and conduct nerve impulses AWAY from cell body
Term
axon hillock
Definition
portion of cell body from where axon originates
Term
multipolar neuron
Definition
one axon and many dendrites
Term
bipolar neuron
Definition
two processes: one axon and one dendrite
Term
pseudounipolar (unipolar) neuron
Definition
single process comes off the cell body and divides into two branches
Term
sensory (afferent) neurons
Definition
brings information TO the CNS
Term
motor (efferent) neurons
Definition
take information FROM CNS to other parts of the body
Term
association (interneurons) neurons
Definition
help coordinate and integrate info between sensory and motor neurons within the CNS
Term
Astrocytes (CNS)
Definition
regulates transfer of nutrients from blood to the brain -- helps the workings of "blood-brain barrier"
Term
oligodendrocytes (CNS)
Definition
myelinate axons in CNS (myelination = process of wrapping an axon with myelin) - speeds up conduction
Term
microglia (CNS)
Definition
phagocytize damaged neurons
Term
ependymal cells (CNS)
Definition
line central canal and ventricles - help circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Term
satellite cells (PNS)
Definition
surround neuron cell bodies in spinal ganglia
Term
ganglion
Definition
group of neuron cell bodies located outside CNS
Term
schwann cells (PNS)
Definition
myelinate axons in PNS --> neurolemmocytes
Term
myelination
Definition
process of wrapping an axon with myelin -- speeds up conduction
Term
myelination procedure in PNS (4 steps)
Definition
1. Schwann cells wrap around a portion of an axon successively
2. cytoplasm and nucleus of schwann cell gets "squeezed" to the outside
3. inner successive layers of cell membrane make up the myelin sheath
4. schwann cells don't contact each other th're separated by nodes of ranvier. this allows for the electric impulses to "skip" along the axon
Term
myelination procedure in CNS
Definition
one oligodendrocyte myelinates portions of many axons
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