Term
| Mild blow to the head may cause ______ and a more serious blow to the head may cause ______. An even more severe blow or penetrating wound may cause ______. |
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Definition
-concussion
-contusion
-laceration |
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Term
| What is a concussion? Lesions? |
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Definition
-transient metabolic disturbance in neurons due to trauma and resulting in unconsciousness
-no gross or microscopic lesions |
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Term
| What is a contusion? Types? |
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Definition
-due to direct damage where brain impacts skull causing hemorrhage
-epidural, subdural, intratehcal |
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Term
| What is a countrecoup contusion (aka diffuse contusion)? |
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Definition
| -brain hits skull so hard that it rips menigneal vessels opposite of the impaction side |
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Term
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Definition
| -penetrating wound from skull fragments or other object OR severe shearing force due to blunt trauma |
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Term
| Which animals are most commonly affected by vertebral instability? |
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Definition
| -horses & large breed dogs |
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Term
| Which animals are most commonly affected by vertebral malformation & malarticulation? |
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Definition
| -Equine Cervical Stenotic Myelopathy (Wobbles) |
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Term
| Which animals are most commonly affected by disc dz? |
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Definition
| -dogs, occassionally cats |
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Term
| Describe the vertebral malarticulation seen w/ Wobbelrs. |
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Definition
-articular facets are commonly severely ulcerated due to poort articulation and instability
-gross lesions of cord: often not visible, if present, subtle discoloration |
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Term
| What is cervical stenotic myelopathy? What does it look like? |
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Definition
-basic lesion: Wallerian degen of ventrolateral spinal cord
-miscroscopically: vacuolation of spinal cord white matter |
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Term
| What is Hansen Type I intervertebral disk dz? |
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Definition
| -annulus fibrosis ruptures dorsally and nucleus pulposus forcibly extrudes into canal causing severe spinal cord trauma w/ contusion and necrosis |
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Term
| What is Hansen Type II intervertebral disk? |
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Definition
| -disk material herniates into the spinal canal w/ intact annulus fibrosis and cuases mild blunt trauma similar to Wobblers |
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Term
| Which dogs are most commonly affected by intervertebral disk dz? Where anatomically? |
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Definition
-chondrodysplastic and mini breeds
-cervical and lumbar most commonly affected |
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Term
| Which cats are most commonly affected by intervertebral disk dz? Anatomic location? Clinical signs? |
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Definition
-cats > 8y
-lumbar
-CS ranging from ataxia to incontinence |
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Term
| What is ascending myelomalacia? |
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Definition
-aka progressive hemorrhagic myelomalacia or ascending hematomyelia
-following severe Hansen type I disk dz, hemorrhage and necrosis may progress from site of rupture up spinal cord |
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