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Exam 2
Circulatory-Related lesions
14
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
02/20/2017

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Cards

Term
What are the two sources of blood supply to the brain?
Definition
-carotid aa
-basilar a
-these joint at base of brain to make Circle of Willis
Term
Which brain cells are most sysceptible to hypoxia?
Definition
-neurons >>> oligos, astrocytes, microglia
Term
In general, hypoxia of the brain usually results in neuronal necrosis of the _____. When does this commonly occur?
Definition
-cerebral cortex
-Ex: anesthesia accidents, dystocia, umbilical cord flow impairment, straingulation, malicious, or accidenta
Term
Complete and total vascular occlusion can result in ______ which is one of the causes of stroke in humans.
Definition
-infarction
Term
What are the lesions w/ acute brian/spinal cord infarct?
Definition
-swollen
-normal color but usually hemorrhagic
-irregular in shape
Term
What lesions do we see w/ chronic brain/spinal cord infarcts?
Definition
-necrotic tissue removed by macrophages
-small infarcts become foci of gliosis
-large infarcts become caivties
Term
How do chronic brain infarcts heal?
Definition
-heal by cavitation: macrophages infiltrate and remove necrotic tissue
-if too large for astrocytes to fill, brain atrophy & cavitation result
Term
Which species are most commonly affected by fibrocartilagenous emboli?
Definition
-dogs, esp large breeding
Term
What are fibrocartilaginous emboli?
Definition
-cartilabe resembling nucleus pulposus gains access to the spinal vasculature
-results in infarction: fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy
Term
What is cytotoxic cerebral edema?
Definition
-blood brain barrier damage due to toxic or metabolic disorders
-plasma ultrafiltrate (low protein) accumulates in astrocytes and spreads to other cells)
Term
What do we see grossly w/ cytotoxic cerebral edema?
Definition
-usually uniform swelling of the brain w/ flattening of the gyri
Term
What is vasogenic cerebral edema?
Definition
-localized brain swelling adjacent to an infeacrt, inflamm focus, neoplasm, or trauma site
-plasma-rich fluid
Term
What do we see grossly w/ vasogneic cerebral edema?
Definition
-uniform, asymmetrical, or localized swelling of th ebrain w/ flattening of the gyri
-should aslo see a precipitating lesion
Term
What is cerebellar coning?
Definition
-secondary to severe swelling of the brain
where cerebellum is pushed into posterior cranial vault and can herniate through foramen magnum
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