Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam 2
Oral Cavity: Dugat
50
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
02/17/2017

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
The mouth heals very quickly. Why?
Definition
-highly vascular
-higher temp
-inc phagocytic activity
-early epi migration
-higher met rate
Term
Which types of bacteria are present in the mouth?
Definition
-EVERYTHING
Term
Is infection less or more of a concern in the mouth? Justify your answer.
Definition
-less
-rich blood supply + antibacterial props of salive
-DOES NOT MEAN THAT YOU GET CAVALIER
Term
Which antibiotics do we most commonly use in the mouth?
Definition
-Broad spectrum: Ampicillin sulbactam, Cefoxitin, Clindamycin, Combo therapy
Term
What are the types of intubation that can be used for oral surgery?
Definition
-per os
-pharyngostomy
-tracheostomy
Term
What are our considerations w/ oral surgery to protect the airway?
Definition
-cuffed ET tube
-pack throat w/ gauze
-risk of aspiration
Term
How do we handle edema w/ oral surgery?
Definition
-gentile tissue handling
-corticosteroids
Term
What are some general surgical considerations ofr oral surgery?
Definition
-use blade or scissors: sharp incision
-avoid use of electrocautery on mucosa
-bleeding can be extensive
-suture techniques: interrupted sutures, tnesion-free closure, monofilament or braided suture
Term
What is one of the biggest reasons that an incision in the mouth will fail?
Definition
-innapropriate tension
Term
What do we do if we have an oral mass?
Definition
-get a sample
-determine how extensive: CT scan
Term
What are the common oral neoplasms in the dog?
Definition
-papillomas
-epulides
-melanoma: aggressive
-SCC: aggressive
-fibrosarcoma
Term
What are the common oral neoplasms in the cat?
Definition
-SCC: aggressive
-fibrosarcomas
Term
Are oral neoplasms on the mandible or maxilla more difficult? Which is more common?
Definition
-maxilla
-mandible
Term
What are or considerations for mandibulectomy?
Definition
-ability to eat
-TMJ function long term
-malocclusion/oral ulcerations
Term
Why is mailectomy difficult?
Definition
-anatomy
-limited ability to reconstruct
Term
What causes lip avulsions?
Definition
-trauma to rostral mucosa/lip: kicked by cow/horse
Term
What neoplasms most commonly affect the tongue?
Definition
-melanoma and SCC
Term
What are the bounds for a Glossectomy?
Definition
-75% still yields adequat function
-cats do not tolerate as well as dogs
Term
In addition to neoplasms, what else commonly affects the tongue?
Definition
-FB
-lacerations
Term
What are primary cleft palates located? Secondary?
Definition
-primary: premaxilla, lip
-secondary: hard palate, soft palate
Term
Are primary cleft palates congenital or acquried? Bilateral or unilateral?
Definition
-congenital
-unilateral > bilateral * L > R
Term
What structures are usually affected by secondary cleft palate?
Definition
-soft palate only or hard and soft palates
-usually midline
Term
What is the typical signalment of congenital cleft palates?
Definition
-young
-brachycephalic
-Siamese Cats
Term
When in utero does insult occur leading to congenital cleft palates? Etiologies?
Definition
-day 25-28
-almost any insult can cause this
Term
What is the typical presentation of primary cleft palate?
Definition
-evident at birth
-usually aesthetic only
-can have food caught in nasal cavity
Term
What is the typical presentation of secondary cleft palate?
Definition
-evident at birth or hx of trauma
-look in mouth immediately post partum
-CS w/ nursing: milk exits nose, coughing, gagging, sneezing, nasal discharge
-unthrifty
Term
What are our surgical considerations for cleft palates?
Definition
-allow patient to grow to 12-14w
-rule out aspiration pneumonia
-shorter fasting time: 4-6h
-trauma: repair at time of injury
Term
Why do we let animals w/ cleft palate grow to 12-14w before surgery?
Definition
-mucosa friable
-poor anesthetic candidate
-smalelr working environment
Term
Why can we not wait too long to surgically fix cleft palates?
Definition
-defect gets too wide to close
Term
How do we fix primary cleft palate?
Definition
-reconstruct mucosal tissues and skin
-close oronasal fistula defect
Term
How do we fix secondary clefts?
Definition
-palatoplasty
Term
What are our considerations when using palatoplasty to fix secondary cleft?
Definition
-AVOID TENSION!!!!
-freshen edges
-make flaps larger than defect
-avoid placing sutures ober bone defects
-use multiple layers of closure
Term
What are some common etiologies of oronasal fistulas?
Definition
-DENTAL DZ
-MALOCCLUSION
-trauma
-electrical burns, neoplasia, sx, radiation therapy
Term
What is the typical presentation of oronasal fistula?
Definition
-sneezing, unilateral nasal discharge
-difficulty eating
-halitosis
Term
How do we diagnose oronasal fistula?
Definition
-imaging
-oral exam!!!
-dental probing
Term
How do we treat oronasal fistulas?
Definition
-small fistulas due to trauma may close w/out surgery but larger fistulas rquire surgery
-debride edges and use double-layer closure (usually useg gingival/labial mucosal flaps)
Term
What are the common complications sen w/ palatoplasty?
Definition
-dehiscence very common: due to tension or infection (chances inc w/ inc size)
-wait until surgical site inflammation reduces
Term
What is the typical prognosis w/ palatoplasty?
Definition
-good
Term
What are some postop considerations of oral surgery?
Definition
-liquid analfesia
-use Abx
-E-collar
-diet: canned food only for 4-6ww, small meatballs
-NOTHING PER OS EXCEPT SOFT FOOD: 4-6w
Term
What are our major salivary glands?
Definition
-sublingual gland
-mandibular gland
-parotid gland
Term
What causes a sialocele?
Definition
-salivary duct damage => collection of saliva in pseudocapsule => swelling visible in cervical soft tissue or undr tongue
Term
What dog breeds are commonly affected by sialoceles?
Definition
-GSD
-silky terriers
-Cachshunds
-Poodles
Term
What are the types of sialocoeles? Which is most commmon?
Definition
-cervical: MOST COMMON
-zygomatic
-pharyngeal
-sublingual
Term
How does a cervical sialocoele present clinically?
Definition
-soft, fluctuant, non-painful swelling
-ventral to mandible
Term
How does a sublingual sialocele (ranula) present clinically?
Definition
-swelling under tongue
-halitosis
-dyspagia
-oral bleeding
Term
How does a pharyngeal sialocoele present clinically?
Definition
-intraoral swelling protruding into pharynx
-cough, dyspnea, resp noise
Term
Do we resect sialocoeles?
Definition
-no, unnecessary
-high morbidity
Term
What is the palliative procedure for sialocoeles?
Definition
-marsupalization: pharyngeal ranula (egress path for saliva)
Term
What are the complications that occur w/ sialocoeles?
Definition
-recurrence
-infection
-seroma
-lingual nerve damage
Term
What is the typical prognosis w/ sialocoles?
Definition
-generally excellent
Supporting users have an ad free experience!