Term
| What signs show that LI diarrhea can be life-threatening? |
|
Definition
-fever
-severe dehydration or lethargy
-abdominal pain, mass, or dilated bowel loop
=hemorrhagic stools
-otehr systemic signs of illness |
|
|
Term
| What would make you think rectal disorders w/ LI diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| -if stool is formed but patient has hematochezia, tenesmus, and/or mucus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-hypoallergenic diet
-pred
-metronidazole
-tylosin
-sulfasalazine
-dietary fiber supplementation |
|
|
Term
| What are fermentable fibers? How do they help LI dz? |
|
Definition
-metabolized to short chain FA by LI flora
-enhance structure/function of enterocytes, improve colonic motility, dec nutrient digestibility |
|
|
Term
| Which whipworms affect the LI? CS? Tx? |
|
Definition
-T. vulpis
-hyperkalemia + LI diarrhea
-fenbendazole |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of Giardia? How do we diagnose? Tx? |
|
Definition
-mostly SI diarrhea but can cause colonize LI
-dx: saline prep, zinc sulfate floatation, ELISA snapp test
-tx: fenbendazole |
|
|
Term
| What CS do we see with tritrichomonas? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
-large bowel diarrhea
-dx: pugh culture, PCR
-tx: Ronidazole, benign neglect |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-GI form in dogs w/ severe pyogranulomatous infalmmation + LI diarrhea
- rectal scraping
-long-term antifungal |
|
|
Term
| Where does Heterobilharzia americana occur? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
-gulf coast
-Hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, inc liver enzymes
-Fenbendazole + praziquantel |
|
|
Term
| CS of prototheca? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
-lives in sewage, disseminates, bloody diarrhea
-Dx: cytology, histo, rectal scrage
-Tx: uniformly fatal |
|
|
Term
| Who is most affected by Clostridium perfringens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CS of C. Perfringens? Dx C. perfringens? Tx? |
|
Definition
-acute/crhonic LI diarreha +/- vomit, wt loss, abdominal pain due to sporulation
-fecal cytology
-Tylosin, amoxcillin, metronidazole (anaerobic) |
|
|
Term
| Who is affected by Campylobacter? |
|
Definition
| -young or immunocompromised |
|
|
Term
| CS of campylobacter? Dx? Tx? |
|
Definition
-aucte mucoid diarrhea +/- blood
-fecal cytology (Seagulls)
-erythromycin for 1w |
|
|
Term
| What is stress colitis? Treatment? |
|
Definition
-colonic dysfunction due to stress but diagnosis of exclusion
-tx: high fiber diets, motility mdoifying anti-diarrheal drugs |
|
|
Term
| You gets ulcerative colitis? |
|
Definition
| -Young Boxers & Eng/French bulldogs |
|
|
Term
| CS of ulcerative colitis? |
|
Definition
-LI diarrhea, wt loss, inappetance
-suppurative infammation of lamina propria |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat ulcerative colitis? |
|
Definition
| -enrofloxacin for 4-8w or longer |
|
|
Term
| Is LI neoplasia usually benign or malignant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Does LI neoplasia more commonly metastasize in cats or dogs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do intussusceptions usually occur? |
|
Definition
| -2.3 of all intussusceptions |
|
|
Term
| What are some common risk factors for intussusception? |
|
Definition
| -parasites, parvo, FB, masses |
|
|
Term
| CS of intussusception? Tx? |
|
Definition
-Luminal obstruction: hemorrhage, edema, ischemia, necrosis
-vomtiing, anorexia, mucoid/bloody diarrhea, palpable mass in cranial abdomen
-Tx: surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -intractable constipation that has become refractuory to cure or medical control |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of constipation? |
|
Definition
-hard or dry feces
-tenesmus (straining) or dyschezia (difficulty)
-may pass small amounts of watery feces and blood b/n episodes of tenesmus
-hard feces palpable
-lethargy, anorexia
-vomiting
-pain: HL lameness |
|
|
Term
| What is idiopathic megacolon? More common in cats or dogs? |
|
Definition
-diffuse colonic dilation and ineffective mot8lity
-cats |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of idiopathic megacolon? |
|
Definition
| -present w/ signs of constipation |
|
|
Term
| How do we cure idiopathic megacolon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we manage mild constipation? |
|
Definition
-warm water enemas
-stool softening agent
-SC fluids
-add fiber to diet
-xercise
-NOT MINERAL OIL |
|
|
Term
| How do we manage severe constipation? |
|
Definition
-IV fluids
-warm water enemas
-stool softener
-manual evac |
|
|
Term
| What are some laxative options? |
|
Definition
-dietary fiber supplements
-emolient laxatives
-lubricant laxatives
-osmotic laxatives
-stim laxatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-stim colonic smooth muscle contraction
-5:HT4 Rc agonist |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-for cats refractory to medical therapy
-fair to good prognosis |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose benign polyps? What do they look like? How do we treat it? |
|
Definition
-digital rectal exam
-dark red and lobulated, extremely friable, bleed easily, attached on narrow stalk
-surgery |
|
|
Term
| Who gets perianal fistulas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of perianal fistulas? |
|
Definition
-tenesmus, dyschezia, self mutilation, malodorous, mucopurulent discharge, low tail carriage, perianal lickng, wt loss, lethargy
-so so painful |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat perianal fistulas? |
|
Definition
-abx
-pred, azathioprine
-pain + laxatives + hygiene
-novel protein diets
-recurrence is common |
|
|
Term
| What causes GSD perinanal fistulas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of anal sacculitis? |
|
Definition
-excessive grooming, painful defecation, tenesmus, malodor, scooting
-impaction: anal sac secretioons are thick, gray-brown paste
-abscesses: may be assoc w/ pain, fever, purulent/hemorrhage draining tracts |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat a simple impaction of the anal sacs? |
|
Definition
-gentle digital expression
-saline flush may facilitate expression of inspissated secretions |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat anal sacculitis? |
|
Definition
-duct cannulation for lavage w/ saline or 0.5% chlorhexidine
-topical +/- systemic Abx |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat anal sac abscesses? |
|
Definition
-must be lanced and lavaged: sedation or anesthesia
-oral abx
-warm compresses |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Anal sacculectomy is commonly required for chronic anal sacculitis. |
|
Definition
| -FALSE, rarely needed for chronic dz |
|
|
Term
| What are perianal adenomas? Which animals are most commonly affected? |
|
Definition
-benign: solitary SQ mass in perianal region but can occur elsewhere
-over 85% found in older, intact males |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of perianal adenomas? |
|
Definition
| -usually asymptomatic but can cause ulceration or interefere w/ defecation |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose perianal adenomas? HOw do we treat it? |
|
Definition
-FNA or biopsy
-surgical excision PLUS CASTRATION |
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