Term
| What is inflammatory bowel dz? |
|
Definition
-syndrome of idiopathic intestinal inflammation
-NOT IRRITABILE BOWEL SYNDROME |
|
|
Term
| What is the general pathogenesis of IBD? |
|
Definition
-disruption of microbiome leads to altered immune response in GI tract this leads to a compromized gut integrity (leaky gut)
-fragments of protein are recognized as foreigh = more inflammaiton |
|
|
Term
| What are the factors of IBD? |
|
Definition
-environment
-diet
-genetics
-host immune response
-GI
-microbiome |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common clinical sign of cats w/ IBD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of IBD? |
|
Definition
-vomiting
-chronic diarrea
-appetitie normal, inc, dec
-wt loss
-borborygmi: inc gut soudns |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common clinical sign w/ IBD in dogs? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What do we see on PE of IBD patients? |
|
Definition
-abdominal discomfort
-pain
-fluid filled, thickened intestinal loops
-ascites
-thin BCS
-ptyalism
-dehydration |
|
|
Term
| What do we see on CBC Chem? |
|
Definition
-may be normal
-mild anemia
-neutrophilia
-thrombocytosis
-prtoeins normal or dec
-inc in liver values
-low Ca and Mg
-hypocholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
| Why can liver values be inc w/ IBD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would we see w/ ionized Ca values w/ IBD? Normal Ca? |
|
Definition
| -ionized Ca normal but normal Ca is low due to loss of albumin |
|
|
Term
| What do we see w/ serum folate & cobalamin w/ IBD? |
|
Definition
-folate normal to inc
-cobalamin normal to dec |
|
|
Term
| What do we need to definitively diagnose IBD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is client compliance so critical w/ IBD? |
|
Definition
-no cure and requires lifelong management
-relapses are frequent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-dietary management
-vitamin supplementation
-antibacterial therapy
-immunosuppresive drugs |
|
|
Term
| Approximately what percentage of patients w/ IBD respond to diet alone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If Cobalamin is low, how does the affect the prognosis of IBD? |
|
Definition
-poor prognostic indicator
-oral therapy inefective
-some patients require lifelong supplement |
|
|
Term
| What do we give for abx therapy for IBD? |
|
Definition
-metronidazole (neuro SE) & tylosin
-works for Abx Responsive Diarrhea (GSD) |
|
|
Term
| What is our go-to initial drug for IBD? Why? |
|
Definition
-pred
-cheap, predictable efficacy,predictable SE
-works very quickly |
|
|
Term
| What would we give IBD patients w/ acites due to PLE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we give IBD patients w/ low albumin? |
|
Definition
-low-dose aspirin
-Clopidogral |
|
|
Term
| What do we give IBD patients w/ bad anemia? |
|
Definition
-oral ferrous sulfate
-injectable iron dextran
-blood transfusion |
|
|
Term
| What are the major poor prognosticators w/ IBD? |
|
Definition
-dec cobalamin
-dec albumin |
|
|
Term
| What is the gold standard for diagnosing intestinal dysbiosis? HOw do we usually diagnose it? |
|
Definition
-culture of duodenal juice
-high folate & low cobalamin |
|
|
Term
| How do we manage intestinal dysbiosis? |
|
Definition
-treat underlying cause
-Abx
-cobalamin supplentation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -substances that induce the growth of commensal microorganisms (good bacteria and fungi) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -live microorganisms which, whne administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host |
|
|
Term
| What is intestinal lymphangiectasia? |
|
Definition
| -dilation of central lacteal (lymph vessels) of GI tract |
|
|
Term
| In which dog breeds is primary intestinal lymphangiectasia most common? |
|
Definition
| -Yorkies, Soft-coated Wheaten Terriers, Lundehunds |
|
|
Term
| LOOK AT THE CHART ON SLIDE 26 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of lymphangiectasia? |
|
Definition
-wt loss
-SI diarrhea
-vomiting
-huge ascites |
|
|
Term
| What diganostics do we see w/ intestinal lymphangiectasia? |
|
Definition
-CBC: lymphopenia
-CHem: low protein, low cholesterol
-Endoscopy: grains of rice in intestines (dilated lympatics) |
|
|
Term
| How do we manage lymphangectasia? |
|
Definition
-treat underlying dz
-ultra-low fat diets
-pred: anti-inflamm |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of PLE? |
|
Definition
-wt loss
-ppolyphagia
-diarrhea
-vomiting
-ascites
-pleural effusion
-HALLMARK IS LOW IN ALL PROTEINS |
|
|
Term
| What are some common sequelae of linear foreign bodies? |
|
Definition
| -can saw through the bowel resulting in perforation & sepsis |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose linear FB? |
|
Definition
| -diagnosed based on history, abdominal palpation, STRING UNDER THE TONGUE, contrast rads or U/S |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat linear FB? |
|
Definition
-surgery usually
-sometimes endoscoppy |
|
|
Term
| What is an intussusception? Most common location? |
|
Definition
-telescoping of 1 intestinal segment into an adjacent segment
-ileocolic most common |
|
|
Term
| Are intussusceptions more common in cats or dogs? Common sequelae? |
|
Definition
-dogs > cats
-causes obstruction & congestion |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of intussusception? |
|
Definition
-diarrhea +/- vomiting, abdominal pain
-may be palpable |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose intussusception? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a mesenteric torsion/volvulus? |
|
Definition
| -intestines twist around root of mesentary causing vascular compromise |
|
|
Term
| Who most commonly gets mesenteric torsion or volvulus? HOw do we treat it? Prognosis? |
|
Definition
-large breed dogs
-surgical emergency
-very poor prognosis |
|
|
Term
| Is lymphoma more common in cats or dogs? |
|
Definition
-cats > dogs
-msot common intestinal tumor of cats |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of SI lymphoma? |
|
Definition
-signs of malabsorption: chronic wt loss, anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting
=may cause PLE
-may palpate thickened intestinal loops or masses
-may have mesenteric lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose SI lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do we treat SI lymphoma? Prognosis? |
|
Definition
-Dogs: multi-agent chemo
-Cats: Pred & Chlorambucil if small cell
-poor prognosis but better for cats |
|
|
Term
| Where do adenocarcinomas usually occur in the canine intestinal tract? CAts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of SI adenocarcinoma? |
|
Definition
-palpable abdominal mass
=vomiting (due to obstruction), anorexia, wt loss |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose SI adenocarcinoma? Prognosis? |
|
Definition
-histopath
-guarded prognosis |
|
|
Term
| Where do SI leiomyosarcomas usually occur? Clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-proximal SI or stomach
-obstruction signs, bleeding, hypoglycemia as paraneoplastic syndrome |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose SI leiomyosarcomas? Prognosis? |
|
Definition
-histopath
-prognosis is poor if metastasis is present |
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