Term
| Definition: primary oral cavity dz |
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Definition
| -originating and involving only the oral cavity |
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Term
| Definition: secondary oral cavity dz (example?) |
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Definition
-result of systemic dz
-ex: uremai |
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Term
| How do we fix our PE for oral cavity disorders? |
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Definition
-oral exam
-check for pain
-anesthesia: frequently needed for full exam
-LN palpation
-cranial nerve examination |
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Term
| What are some clinical signs seen w/ inflammatory oral dz? |
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Definition
-anorexia
-halitosis
-bleeding
-ptyalism
-oral pain
-possible lymphadenomegaly
-erythema
-friable tissue
-ulceration
-necrosis
-proliferation
-focal or diffuse dz |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of gingivitis/stomatitis? What causes it? |
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Definition
-periodontal dz
-due to accumulation of plaque and tratar: gingiva constantly exposed to bacteria and Ag proteisn |
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Term
| What viral infections are commonly involved in oral inflammation? |
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Definition
-Calici: correlated w/ chronic stomatitis
-FIV, FeLV, FHV-1, bartonella |
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Term
| What examples of immunosuppression commonly cause oral inflammation? |
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Definition
-FeLV, FIV
-neutropenia due to drugs |
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Term
| Which organisms commonly cause oral inflammation due to infection after mucosal injury? |
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Definition
| -nocardia and fusobacterium |
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Term
| Why does uremia lead to oral inflammation? |
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Definition
| -oral bacteria convert to urea to ammonnia |
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Term
| Which immune-mediated dz commonly cause oral inflammation? |
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Definition
-pemphigus vulgaris
-bullous pemphigoid
-SLE/discoid lupus |
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Term
| Secondary bacterial infections in the oral caity are common. Which organisms are common? Which abx are commonly used? |
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Definition
-anaerobes
-Abx: Metronidazole, Clindamycin |
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Term
| What causes lymphoplascamytic gingivitis/stomatitis/pharyngitis? |
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Definition
| -idiopathic but exacerated by secondary bacterial infection and periodontal dz |
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Term
| What lesions do we see due to lymphplasmoctic gingivitis/stomatitis/pharyngitis? Ddx? |
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Definition
-proliferative, cobblestone lesions (especially glossopalatine arches, gingiva)
-Ddx: plasma cell gingivitis |
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Term
| How do we diagnose lymphocytic gingivitis? |
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Definition
| -histopath: plasma cells +/- lymphocytes w/in mucosa and submucosa |
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Term
| How do we manage lymphplasmocytic gingivitis? |
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Definition
-dental cleaning
-extractions as needed
-home dental hygiene
-oral chlorhexidine rinses
-Abx: anaerobic coverage
-dietary change: hypoallergenic
-prednisolone: might cause diabetes |
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Term
| What is the long-term prognosis w/ feline lymphoplasmocytic gingivitis? |
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Definition
-guarded
-full mouth extractions might help |
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Term
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Definition
| -Chronic ulcerative paradental syndrome: aka contact mucositis |
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Term
| In which animals do we see lymphoplasmacytic stomatitis (CUPS)? Lesions? |
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Definition
-dogs
-mucosa inflamed/ulcerated where it contacts the teeth |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What is a periapical abscess? |
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Definition
| -infection around apex (root) of a tooth: tissue around tooth may swell, necrose, and form a fistulous tract to the gum lne or externally |
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Term
| Which tooth is most commonly involved in periapical abscess? |
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Definition
| -upper 4th premolar (carnassial tooth): prone to slab fracture |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of a periapical abscess? |
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Definition
-pain
-hyporexia/anorexia
-wt loss
-halitosis
-facial rubbing
-rupture or draining of lesion |
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Term
| How do we treat periapical abscess? |
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Definition
| -tooth extraction and Abx |
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Term
| What is masticatory myositis? |
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Definition
-immune-mediated dz where Ab pdc agains type 2 M mucle fibers
-idiopathic |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of acute masticatory myositis? Chronic? |
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Definition
-Acute: m swelling, m pain, difficulty opening hte mouth
-Chronic: m atrophy, pseudoanorexia, trismus (inability to open the mouth) |
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Term
| How do we diagnose masticatory myositis? |
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Definition
-Blood test: serum Ab to type 2m fibers
-m biopsy: masseter or temporalis |
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Term
| How do we manage masticatory myositis? |
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Definition
-prednisone: works quickly but causes m atrophy
-other immunosuppresives: cyclosporine, azathioprine
-nutritional support
-DO NOT FORCE JAW OPEN |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of masticatory myositis? |
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Definition
| -depends on amt of fibrosis |
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Term
| Why do we not force the jaw open w/ masticatory myositis? |
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Definition
| -can break the jaw and the scar tissue will just regrow |
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Term
| Cancer of the oral cavity rank as ___ in dogs and ___ in cats most common locations for tumors. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common oral neoplasms in dogs? |
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Definition
-malignant melanoma
-SCC
-fibrosarcoma
-epulides |
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Term
| What are the common oral neoplasms in dogs? |
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Definition
| -SCC >>>>>> fibrosarcoma or fibromatous epulides |
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Term
| Which of the common oral neoplasms commonly met? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lesions do we see w/ SCC? |
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Definition
-ulcerated erosive lesion
-ventral to tongue, buccal and labial mucosa, hard palate, tongue |
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Term
| How does oral SCC behave? |
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Definition
-locally invasive and destroys bone
-met to LN, viscera is rare |
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Term
| What is the prognosis w/ oral SCC? |
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Definition
| -better the more rostral they are b/c we can remove them |
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Term
| How does malignant melanoma behave? |
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Definition
-locally invasive
-highly metastatic: regional LN, tonsilsn lungs |
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Term
| What lesions occur due to malignant melanoma? |
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Definition
-dome shaped or sessile: ulcerated or necrotic
-not always melanotic |
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Term
| How do we treat malignant oral melanoma? |
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Definition
| -surgery +/- radiation +/- chemo +/- vx |
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Term
| Where do oral fibrosarcomas commonly occur? |
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Definition
| -lateral maxilalyr arcade b/n canine and 4th premolar |
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Term
| What do oral fibrosarcomas look like? How do they behave? |
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Definition
-firm and smooth, may be ulcerated
-lcally invasive, recurr
-low met rate |
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Term
| How do we treat oral fibrosarcoma? Prognosis? |
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Definition
-surgery attempted
-survive 7m-2y |
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Term
| What are epulides? What do they look like? |
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Definition
-originate from periodontal stroma
-often firm and pedunculated |
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Term
| How do we treat epulides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What prognosis occurs w/ epulides? |
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Definition
-malignant ones have guarded to poor prognosis
-beningn ones have excellent prognosis w/ complete excision |
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Term
| What is the viral etiology of canin eoral papillomatosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do canine oral papillomatoses look like? |
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Definition
-pale, smooth elevation that develops rough surface
-older lesions have deep closely packed fronds
-regressing lesions are shriveled and dark grey |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of canine oral papillomatosis? |
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Definition
| -resolve spntaneously in 1-5m |
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Term
| What is gingival hyperplasia? Tx? |
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Definition
-nodular swelling of gingiva so they cover teeth
-treat periodontal disease, stop causative drug, gingivectomy |
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Term
| What do we see w/ feline eosinophilic granuloma complex (FEGC)? |
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Definition
-lips look massive
-also ulcers, plaques, and linear granulomas
-also see dysphagia and ptyalism |
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Term
| HOw do we diagnose feline eosinophilic granuloma complex? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
-corticosteroids
-cyclosporine
-hypoallergenic diet
-allergy testing |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of FEGC? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
-accumulation of salive outside the salivary glands and ducts
-ranulas = from sublingual glands
-reuslts in inflammtion and formation of a CT lining |
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Term
| What are the typical clinical signs of salivary mucoceles? |
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Definition
-soft-flubtuant
-non-painful swelling
-may have no CS
-may cause dysphagia |
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Term
| How do we diagnose salivary mucoceles? |
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Definition
-FNA: viscous fluid (rule-out abscess)
-contrast rads to determine gland |
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Term
| How do we treat salivary mucoceles? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| -non-inflamamtory enlargement of salivary glands |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of sialadenosis? |
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Definition
-ptyalism
-retching
-guping
-inappetence
-non-painful swelling of salivary glands |
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Term
| How do we diagnsoe sialadenosis? |
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Definition
| -lack of inflammation on cytology and response to anticonvulsant therapy |
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Term
| HOw do we treat sialadenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is sialedenitis? Other name? |
|
Definition
-inflammation of salivary gland
-aka necrotizing sialometaplasia |
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Term
| How do we treat sialadenitis/necroting sialometaplasia? |
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Definition
| -immunosuppresives +/- anticonvulsants +/- surgical removal |
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Term
| How common is salivary neoplasia? Which breeds? |
|
Definition
-uncommon
-Spaniels, Poodles, Siamese cats
-Cats 2X dogs |
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Term
| What is the most likely salivary tumor? |
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Definition
-adenocarcinoma
-more rapid to advance in cats |
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Term
| How do we treat salivary neoplasia? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the typical clinical signs of roal foreign bodies? |
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Definition
-dysphagia
-dyspnea
-irritation
-laceration
-abscessation
-gingivitis/stomatitis (grass awns) |
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Term
| How do we diagnose oral FB? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-removal of FB: sometimes surgery
-BS abx for 5-7d if mucosal damage is severe |
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Term
| What is an oronasal fistulae? |
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Definition
| -abnormal communication b/n oral and nasal cavity |
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Term
| Which tooth most commonly causes oronasal fistulae? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are some causes behind oronasal fistulae? |
|
Definition
-severe dental dz
-severe trauma
-neoplasia
-congenital lesion like cleft palate |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of oronasal fistulae? |
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Definition
-sneezing
-nasal discharge
-+/- periodontal dz
-difficulty nursine + failure to thrive = cleft palate |
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Term
| How do we fix oronasal fistuale? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which nerves are involved w/ dysphagia? |
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Definition
| -CN V/trigeminal, VII/facial, XII/hypoglossal |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of prehenion disorders? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the onset and clinical signs fo bilateral trigeminal (CN V) nerve paralysis? |
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Definition
-acute onset
-middle-aged dogs (rare in cats)
-unable to close jaw and prehend food |
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Term
| How do we diagnose bilateral trigeminal nerve paralysis? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How do we manage bilateral trieminal nerve paralysis? |
|
Definition
-nutritional support
-usually recover in 2-4w |
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Term
| How can we help a dog w/ bilateral trigeminal nerve paralysis to eat? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What is caused by hypoglossal nerve dysfunction? |
|
Definition
| -abnormal motility of the tongue: cannot propel food/water into pharynx |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs seen w/ hypoglossal n dysfunction? |
|
Definition
-difficulty chewing and drinking
-tongue atrophy |
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Term
| How do we diagnsoe hypoglossal n dysfunction? |
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Definition
| -rule everything out first |
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Term
| How do we manage hypoglossal nerve dysfunction? |
|
Definition
| -symptomatic: deep water buckets, food as meatballs, placement of a feeding tube |
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Term
| What is the prognosis of hypoglossal n dysfunction? |
|
Definition
-poor for return to function
-normal lifespan but need supportive care |
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