Term
| What are the main purposes of a urinalysis? |
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Definition
-evaluation of problems that affect the urinary system or other body system
-monitor course of disease or reponse to treatment |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the specific gravity? Is it measured directly or indirectly? |
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Definition
-an estimation of urine osmolality to evaluate kidney's ability to concentrate urin
-measured indirectly by refractometer |
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Term
| What parts or the urine multi-test strip should we rely on for animal patients? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do carnivores/omnivores have acidic or alkaline urine? What about herbivores? |
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Definition
-carnivores/omnivores = acidic urine (5.5-7.5)
-herbivores = alkaline urine (7-9) |
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Term
| What are some causes of an artifactual increase in pH? |
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Definition
-delay in examine sampple (CO2 diffuses out of sample)
-exposure to detergents and disinfectants in collection container |
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Term
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Definition
| -renal threshold: plasma concentration of glucose that exceeds the capacity for re-absorption |
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Term
| What are some common conditions where blood glucose exceeds tubular threshold? |
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Definition
-diabetes mellitus
-stress-related hyperglycemia--transient condition
-glucose containing fluids |
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Term
| What are some common causes for false positives regarding glycosuria? What about false negatives? |
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Definition
-False positives: hydrogen peroxide and bleach
-False Negatives: outdated strips, refrigerated urine |
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Term
| What are the two general causes of glycosuria with normal blood glucose? |
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Definition
-tubular dysfunction
-transient post-stress induced hyperglycemia |
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Term
| What are the two categories of tubular dysfuction? What are some common causes of each? |
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Definition
-Acquired: acute renal failure, chronic renal failure, tubular damage/injury (usually 1-2+)
-Congenital: Fanconi's syndrome (4+) and prinary renal glucosuria (breed disposition) |
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Term
| How are ketones produced? What do they indicate? |
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Definition
-product of fat metabolism
-indicates a shift from CHO to fat utilization |
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Term
| What are the 3 major ketones? |
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Definition
-acetoacetate
-acetone
-beta-hydroxybutyrate |
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Term
| What are 4 common causes of ketonuria? |
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Definition
-prologed anorexia or starvation
-diabetes mellitus
-boving ketosis
-pregnancy toxemia (sheep) |
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Term
| The nitroprusside rxn is sensitive mostly to ______, secondly to ______, and does not measure ______. |
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Definition
-acetoacetate
-acetone
-beta-hydroxybutyrate |
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Term
| Does ketonuria occur before hyperketonemia or vice versa? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is excreted bilirubin conjugated or unconjugated? |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: While bilirubinuria is normal in a cat, bilirubinuria in a dog should always be investigated. |
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Definition
| -FALSE; bilirubinuria in a cat should always be investigated |
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Term
| At what levels do we normally find protein in the urine? |
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Definition
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