Term
| What virus is behind pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which animals are naturally infected with pseudorabies? Can other animals be infected? |
|
Definition
-pigs: encephalitis and repro failure
-yes, other spp get affected too: encephalitis and marked local pruritis |
|
|
Term
| What viral family does pseudorabies belong to? How else can it be categorized? |
|
Definition
-Family: Herpesviridae
-it is an alphahervpesvirus |
|
|
Term
| What is hte principal natural host of pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
| -pig: both domestic and feral |
|
|
Term
| Which species is responsible for maintaining pseudorabies? How? |
|
Definition
-pigs
-maintain the virus latently in the neurons of the trigeminal ganglia |
|
|
Term
| Which other animals are capable of harboring and transmitting pseudorabies? Are they carriers? |
|
Definition
-brown rat and raccoons
-not carriers b/c only for short periods |
|
|
Term
| Describe the presence of pseudorabies in the US. |
|
Definition
| -all commercial swine herds in the US are considered free of pseudorabies but feral pigs are carriers |
|
|
Term
| How is pseudorabies transfered between pigs? |
|
Definition
| -naso-oropharyngeal route |
|
|
Term
| How is pseudorabies transmitted between pigs and domestic animals? |
|
Definition
| -via biting,licking, or by aerosol |
|
|
Term
| Why is it called "pseudorabies" if it is a herpesvirus? |
|
Definition
| -comes from the clinical signs seen in infected cattle, dogs, cats, horses, sheep, goats, and raccoons |
|
|
Term
| Describe the prognosis of pseudorabies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which mammal appears resistant to pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of pseudorabies in adult pigs? |
|
Definition
-vomiting, anorexia, depression, and incoordination = most recover
-if pregnant, 50% abort = SMEDE |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of pseudorabies in young piglets? |
|
Definition
-mortality is very high in those < 3w
-starts coughing and sneezing, then constipation and incoordination, listlessness, tremors, convulsions, and death within 72 hours after onset of clinical signs |
|
|
Term
| Most infected piglets die of pseudorabies within 72 hours. So what happens if PR becomes established on a pig farm? |
|
Definition
| -the suckling pigs are immune from the antibodies received in the colostrum and the CNS form is not recognized anymore |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs are in older weaned pigs infected with pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
| -vomiting, constipation, incoordination with 2% mortality rate |
|
|
Term
| True or False: As is classic with pseudorabies, pruritis is observed in pigs with pseudorabies as with all species. |
|
Definition
| -FALSE, pruritis is not observed in pigs with pseudorabies |
|
|
Term
| What is pseudorabies called in cattle? Why? |
|
Definition
-mad itch
-intense pruritis in flank and hind legs |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen in a cow with pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
| -pharyngeal paralysis with salivation, mania, bellowing, convulsions, intense pruritis of flank and hind legs, death within 48 hours |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs with pseudorabies with dogs and cats? |
|
Definition
-intense pruritis is the principal clinical sign on the head
-solivate (bulbar paralysis)
-no aggressive behavior is noted
-howling, mewing, vomiting, diarrhea are common |
|
|
Term
| In pigs, PRV replicates in the ______ and infects the cranial nerves to travel to the ______ and _______. What happens in non-immune pigs? When an immune response occurs? |
|
Definition
-oropharynx
-ganglia
-brain stem
-virus continues to spread causing CNS signs and death
-when an immune response occurs, virus replicationis arrested and pigs become latently infected in the neurons of trigeminal ganglia |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of PRV in animals other than pigs. |
|
Definition
| -travels from site of infection (bite) to the CNS via sensory nerves |
|
|
Term
| What tissue(s) do we submit for pseudorabies diagnosis? What tests are performed on it? |
|
Definition
-brain, tonsillar tissue and aborted fetus
-FA on frozen tissue sections
-IHC on FF tissue |
|
|
Term
| Describe how we isolate pseudorabies virus. |
|
Definition
| -throat swabs and homogenizes tonsils and brain and confirmed by PCR |
|
|
Term
| How do we control pseudorabies? |
|
Definition
-it is important to maintain a PR free herd
-test and slaughter policy
-avoid contact of domestic pigs with wild hogs |
|
|
Term
| How do vaccines help against wild type viruses? |
|
Definition
| -they do NOT prevent infection with virulent wild type viruses |
|
|
Term
| Is pseudorabies a notifiable diseases? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Feline leukemia/lymphoma encompasses a broad range of clinico-pathological conditions including: ______, ______, & ______. Describe them. |
|
Definition
-lymphomas: solid lymphoid tumors containing malignant proliferating lymphocytes
- leukemia: myeloproliferative tumor of the blood and bone marrow
-immunosuppresion: can occur in the absence of tumors |
|
|
Term
| Describe the distribution of feline leukemia/lymphoma. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Feline leukemia/lymphoma is caused by what virus? What kind of virus is it? Family and genus? Any subtypes? |
|
Definition
-Feline leukemia virus (FeLV)
-retrovirus
-Family: Retroviridae & genus Gammaretrovirus
-subtypes: A, B, and C |
|
|
Term
| What is the major internal structural protein of FeLV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Whichprotein serves s the basis for FeLV subtype differentiation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which envelope protein of FeLV has immunosupprassive properties? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is FOCMA? Where is it found? Why bother mentioning it? |
|
Definition
-feline Oncorna Cell Membrane Associated Antigen
-on the surface of cells transformed by FeLV
-Ab to the FOCMA induces lysis of FeLV transformed cells |
|
|
Term
| What does the ELISA test for FeLV detect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is FeLV labile or resistant? |
|
Definition
| -very labile: susceptible to drying and disinfectants |
|
|
Term
| Describe the environments conducive to FeLV infection. |
|
Definition
-urban households
-multi-cat households have highest incidence of infection and disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important source of infection of FeLV? |
|
Definition
| -the saliva of the viremic cat |
|
|
Term
| What are the most important means of transmission of FeLV? |
|
Definition
| -via direct contact: MUTUAL GROOMING, sharing of food and water bowls, biting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what instance is a young cat most likely to get infected with FeLV? |
|
Definition
| -prolonged exposure of a young cat to a high dose of virus |
|
|
Term
| The (older/younger) the cat, the more susceptivle it is to developing FeLV. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the body does FeLV replicate? How can cats get over the infection? The opposite? |
|
Definition
-lymphoid tissue of oropharynx leading to viremia
-if develop neutralizing Ab to Gp70 within 3w = get over it
-if not, infected cat gets persistently viremic and have an 80% chance of dying of FeLV assoc dz within 3y |
|
|
Term
| What si the incubation period of FeLV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For every cat that dies of FeLV neoplasia, ___ die of non-neoplastic FeLV complications. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of feline tumors is attributed to FeLV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FeLV is thought to induce about ___% of all feline hematopoietic tumors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the most common presenting clnical signs in a cat with FeLV? |
|
Definition
| -loss of appetitie, slow progressive weight loss, anemia, persistent fever, pale gums, gingivitis/stomatitis, behavior changes, and lymphandeopathy |
|
|
Term
| What do lymphomas look like? |
|
Definition
| -masses that are cream-white in color with some red stippling on the cut surface |
|
|
Term
| What are mutlicentric lympomas (resulting from FeLV)? |
|
Definition
| -generalized tumors involving lymph noes, spleen, liver, etc |
|
|
Term
| What are alimentary lymphomas (resulting from FeLV)? |
|
Definition
-tumors that affect the mesencteric lymph nodes
-cause vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss |
|
|
Term
| Which form of lymphoma is more common in older cats? How do they test via ELISA? |
|
Definition
-alimentary lymphoma
-will often test negative for FeLV by ELISA |
|
|
Term
| Which form of lymphoma is more common in younger cats? |
|
Definition
-tumor of younger cats
-causes difficulty swallowing and pleural effsion |
|
|
Term
| True or False: All hematopoietic cell lines are susceptible to transformation by FeLV. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which form of leukemia is most common due to FeLV? |
|
Definition
| -acute lymphocytic leukemia is most common |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important presenting clinical signs with leukemia due to FeLV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common type of anemia in a cat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some non-neoplastic diseases that can result from FeLV infection? |
|
Definition
-non-regenerative anemia
-enterocolitis
-thymus atrophy
-immunosuppression
-repro failure: infertility, abortions, birth of weak fading kittens |
|
|
Term
| Describe the anemia resulting from FeLV infection. |
|
Definition
| -non-regenerative, normocytic, normochromic anemia |
|
|
Term
| True or False: ELISA for FeLV detects p27 antigen causing viremia. |
|
Definition
| -FALSE, detects antigenemia, not viremia |
|
|
Term
| How does IFA for FeLV work? What percentage of cats that are positive are viremic? |
|
Definition
-detects FeLV antigens on virus infected lymphocytes
-98% of cats positive by the IFA test are viremic |
|
|
Term
| Of cats that test positive for FeLV by ELISA, ___% are viremia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 possibilities to explain a negative FeLV ELISa? |
|
Definition
-non-viremic
-not exposed
-immune |
|
|
Term
| What instances can explain a positive FeLV ELISA? |
|
Definition
-viremic
-susceptible to FeLV disease
-excreting FeLV |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of a cat that is ELISA+ for FeLV and IFA-? Explain how this is possible. |
|
Definition
-the discordant cat
-they test positive on initial report but test negative on subsequent tests
-faulty ELISA, in early stage of nfection, immune cat with a sequestered lesion |
|
|
Term
| What is a sequestered FeLV lesion? How is it clinically relevant? |
|
Definition
-present in a healthy latently infected discordant cat infected with FeLV
-sequesters are small foci of infected lymphocytes in the BM that produce virus when virus replicates
-STRESS or corticosteroid therapy may induce virus to replicate and the ccat becomes antigenemic for a period |
|
|
Term
| A seropositive FeLV test can mean one of what two things? |
|
Definition
-that the cat has recovered from infection
-cat has been vaccinated |
|
|
Term
| A seronegative FeLV test means one of what two things? |
|
Definition
-cat has never been infected
-cat may actually have FeLV |
|
|
Term
| What types of vaccines do we have for FelV? |
|
Definition
-whole virus inactivated with or without adjuvant
-disrupted virus vaccines with adjuvant
-genetically engineered gP70 vaccine with adjuvant
-recombinant (live) canary poxvirus with FeLV gene inserted in poxvirus genome |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the FeLV vaccine? |
|
Definition
| -will prevent tumor but cats may become latently infected with FeLV |
|
|
Term
| Outline an FeLV control program. |
|
Definition
-unknown FeLV status: test all cats, if negativ retest after 3m
-if FeLV exists, remove all positive cats and retest every 3m |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs can cause FeLV to go into remission? |
|
Definition
| -Cyclophosphamide + Vincristine + Prednisone |
|
|
Term
| What does AZT do for FeLV infection? |
|
Definition
| -can decrease the amount of virus shed and thhe degre of viremia |
|
|
Term
| What is Feline Sarcoma Virus (FeSV)? |
|
Definition
-endogenous highly oncogenic replicative defective virus associated with tumors, primarily fibrosarcoma of the skin
-carrry a v-onc gene that repaces part of the env-gene
-thus can hijack the FeLV capsid and leave the cell as FeLV |
|
|
Term
| FIV is caused by a __(type of virus)__ withi what genus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many subtypes of FIV are there and how are they differentiated? |
|
Definition
-3
-differentiated by their envelope glycoproteins |
|
|
Term
| Describe the distribution of FIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Feline Immunodeficiency virus |
|
|
Term
| FIV belongs to virus family ______ and genus _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OF cats that are clinically ill, __%-__% test positive for FIV. In healthy cats, only __-__% are seropositive. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is FIV primarily transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -via biting during cat fights |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pathology of FIV after transmission. |
|
Definition
-infects and circulates in CD4 T-helpher lymphocytes as a provirus
-free virus is also present in blood, and to lesser extent in the saliva |
|
|
Term
| Is horizontal transmission in multi-cat households infrequent or frequent in occurrence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relate the infidence of infection of FIV between females and males. |
|
Definition
| -Males 2-3X higher than in female |
|
|
Term
| Are older or younger cats more likely to be infected with FIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other than via biting during fights, how else can FIV be transmitted |
|
Definition
-by parenteral route (IV, IM, SC)
-from infected dam to kittents in utero and at birth from milk |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary site of FIV replication in the body? What does it result in? |
|
Definition
-thymus
-results in T-cell dpeletion |
|
|
Term
| Does viremia ever result from FIV? |
|
Definition
| -yes, occurs as result of the primary infection |
|
|
Term
| What happens to FIV with the onset of host immune repsonse? |
|
Definition
| -viremia decreases, and hte infection eventually goes latent with very low levels of virus |
|
|
Term
| True or False: The latent period of FIV may last for years during which the cat is said to be chronically infected. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe what happens to FIV in a chronically infected cat. |
|
Definition
-although the cat is normally healthy, FIV still replicates in lymphocytes and can be isolated from lymphocytes and serum
-however, higher level of virus replciation occurs during stress and episodes of illness |
|
|
Term
| How does FIV infection cause a progressive disruption of immune functions? |
|
Definition
-marked decrease in the number of circulating CD4+ cells and disruptions in cytokine production
-secondary infections occur on the skin and mucosal surfaces of chronically infected cats |
|
|
Term
| What happens with a congenitally infected kitten? |
|
Definition
-regression of infection can occur with disappearance of antibodies
-they remain latently infected (CR positive) but are not viremic |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs associated with the acute phase of FIV? |
|
Definition
| -fever with malaise, generalized lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, and respiratory disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the asymptomatic phase of FIV? |
|
Definition
-may last up to 6 years
-it is the transition from this phase to the terminal pahse that occurs without obvious precipitating factrs |
|
|
Term
| What happens in the terminal phase of FIV infection? |
|
Definition
-calles wasting syndrome
-stomatitis and gingivitis
-opportunistic infections: uveitis, respiratory disease, neoplasia (of B-cell origin), changes in behavior,seizures, paresis |
|
|
Term
| Which age/sex of cat is more susceptible to FIV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some clinical signs that are suggestive of FIV? |
|
Definition
| -recurrent infections, stomatitis/gingivitis, abrnomal behavior, and loss of weight |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical pathology characteristics of FIV? |
|
Definition
| -anemia, neutropenia, and lymphopenia |
|
|
Term
| What is the test performed to test for the presence of FIV? What specifically does it detect? |
|
Definition
-RT-PCR
-tests for viral DNA provirus in infected circulating lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| If an adult cat tests serpositive for FIV, what other assumption must be made? |
|
Definition
| -that it is also RT-PCR positive |
|
|
Term
| Why is serology an important test for diagnosisng FIV infection? |
|
Definition
| -looks for Ab in the blood: most cats will develop a detectable IgG Ab resonse by 8w post ifnection and they will remain seropositive |
|
|
Term
| What does the ELISA Snap test for FIV detect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does one confirm a FIV ELISA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or False: Once seropositive for FIV, cats remain seropositive forever through the asymptomatic and symptomatic phases of infection. However, they may become seronegative during the terminal stage of infection. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the one major drawback of the FIV snap test? |
|
Definition
| -issue differentiating between infected and vaccinated cats |
|
|
Term
| What do we generally prescribe for FIV cases? |
|
Definition
| -AZT: improves clinical signs, immune status, and quality of life/life expectancy |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat cats with FIV-related stomatitis? |
|
Definition
| -antibiotics and good dental hygiene |
|
|
Term
| How do we respond to healthy FIV-positive cats? |
|
Definition
| -should be vaccinated routinely to prevent infection with other pathogens |
|
|
Term
| Why is the use of inactivated FIV vaccines recommended? |
|
Definition
| -some cats vaccinated with attenuated feline panleukopenia vaccines have become sick |
|
|
Term
| What causes Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)? |
|
Definition
| -feline enteric coronavirus (FeCoV) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the pattern associated with FIP. Is it generally mild or severe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What virus family does Feline Eneric Coronavirus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which specific term do we use for the mutated FeCoV that is isolated from cats with FIP? How do they differ? |
|
Definition
-Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus
-differe genetically but not antigenically |
|
|
Term
| How does FIPV arise from FeCoV? |
|
Definition
| -arises naturally in vivo by mutating and acquiring an enhanced ability to replicate in tissue macrophages and circulating macrophages |
|
|
Term
| Which cats are more prone to FIP? |
|
Definition
| -young cats <2y and very old cats |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of cats in the US are seropositive for FeCoV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is FIPV primarily transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -ingestion (although inhalation is possible) |
|
|
Term
| How is FeCoV shed from the body? Does it last a short while or a long while? |
|
Definition
-in the feces
-can remain in dry feces for a few weeks and serve as a source of infection
-can also be excreted in the saliva dn resp tract |
|
|
Term
| FeCoV is antigenically related to th corronaviruses of what other species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ih which situation is FIP most likely to occur? |
|
Definition
| -repeated exposure to large quantities with added stress |
|
|
Term
| How do the incubation periods of FeCoV and FIPV compare? |
|
Definition
-FeCoV = a few days
-FIPV = >4m |
|
|
Term
| Cats are infected with FeCoV by ______. the virus replicates in ______ cells and is shed in large numbers in the ______. |
|
Definition
-ingestion
-intestinal epithelial cells
-feces |
|
|
Term
| True or False: Cats that have no antibodies to FeCoV develop FIP. De-complemented cats do not develop lesions of FIP. |
|
Definition
| -FALSE: Cats that have no antibodies to FeCoV do not develop FIP. De-complemented cats do not develop lesions of FIP. |
|
|
Term
| Approximately what percentage of cats htat have been infected with FeCoV and that develop antibodies to FeCoV will develop FIP? Any reasonn? |
|
Definition
-1-2%
-associated with stress and in environments where cats are exposed to high concentrations of FeCoV |
|
|
Term
| In seropositive cats with a persistent infection, where do they harbor the virus? what can cause a future increase in replication? |
|
Definition
-tissue macrophages
-when immuunosuppressed by STRESS, the CMI response is depressed, thus the latent FeCoV replicates and acquires mutations that allow it to replicate even better in macrophages |
|
|
Term
| What does FeCoV replication in macrophages near blood vessels do? Why is this important? |
|
Definition
-Ab fix complement => C3a and C5a release => inflammation => attracts neutrophils => pyogranuloma formation around the blood vesssels
-The clinical and pathological pictures seen are a direct result of vasculitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the special term used to describe the pathogenesis of FIP? |
|
Definition
| -antibody-dependent enhacement |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of early FeCoV infection? |
|
Definition
| -diarrhea or upper respiratory infection |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs follow early infection of FeCoV if infection is unresponsive to treatment? |
|
Definition
| -severe diarrhea, vomiting, weight loss |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 forms of FIP? |
|
Definition
1) Effusive/wet form
2) Granulomatous/dry form
3) Mixed form |
|
|
Term
| Describe the effusive wet form of FIP. Clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-characterized by the development of excessive amounts of fluid in chest and/or abdomen
-CS: anorexia, weight loss, depression, dehydration, anemia, unresponsive fever, icterus, abdominal distention if fluid in abdomen, dyspnea and muffled heart sounds if fluid in chest cavity |
|
|
Term
| Describe the non-effusive dry form of FIP. Clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-characterized by granulomatous lesions or pyogranuloma in many areas of the body
-also have ocular lesiosn with color change of iris
-behavioral changes: CNS lesions in 12% of cats with FIP
-granulomatous lesions on viscera, kidneys, brain |
|
|
Term
| What does the effusive fluid from wet form of FIP look like? Describe its contents. |
|
Definition
-clear, straw-colored, clots on standing, and slimy to tough
-low cellularity with mostly macrophages
-A:G ratio is <0.45 and TP>3.5 |
|
|
Term
| What other signs of FIP do you commonly see on your CBC? |
|
Definition
-non-regenerative anemia
-neutrophilia with a left shift
-hypergammaglobulinemia
-increase in acute phase proteins |
|
|
Term
| What pathological lesions do you see with wet FIP? |
|
Definition
| -rough white deposits on serosal surfaces of abdomen and thorax with fibrinous exudate |
|
|
Term
| What pathological lesions do you see with dry FIP? |
|
Definition
| -pyogranulomas in liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, lymph nodes, and eyes |
|
|
Term
| What is the only way to definitively diagnose FIP? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other than histopath, how else do we diagnose FIP? |
|
Definition
-IHC
-RT-PCR (but can also detect FeCoV)
-FIP Ab test: cannot distinguish FIP and FeCoV |
|
|
Term
| Whay is the Primucell vaccine? How is it administered? Any drawbacks? |
|
Definition
-attenuated temperature sensitive FIP vaccine
-given intranasally
-only partially effective |
|
|
Term
| If a kitten has maternal Ab's for FIP, can they get infected? |
|
Definition
| -YES, the virus is epitheliotropic and may replicate in the kitten in the presence of maternal Ab's |
|
|
Term
| How do we control FIP in environments with lots of cats? |
|
Definition
| -test and slaughter approach |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some alternative names to Feline Panleukopenia? |
|
Definition
-Feline Distemper
-Feline Infectious Enteritis
-Cat Fever
-Cat Plague |
|
|
Term
| What is Feline panleukopenia? Clinical signs? |
|
Definition
-highly contagious, sometimes fatal, viral disease of cats seen worldwide
-CS: vomiting, severe dehydration, neutropenia |
|
|
Term
| What kind of virus causes Feline panleukopenia? Is it labile or resistant? |
|
Definition
-parvovoirus
-very resistant and can persist for months in the environment |
|
|
Term
| Which age-group of cats are most adversely affected by Feline Panleukopenia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In natural population, w___% of cats are seropositive for Feline Distemper and ___% of unvaccinated cats become seropositive fy 1 year of age. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FPV is a parvovirus belonging to th virus family ______. How many serotypes are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What substances can inactivate FPV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| FPV is antigenically related to what two viruses? |
|
Definition
-Mink enteritis virus
-canine parvovirus 2 |
|
|
Term
| How is FPV transmitted? How is it excreted? |
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Definition
-orally by contact with infected cats or with contaminated fomites
-in feces and is shed for up to 6w |
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Term
| Which cats are most susceptible to FPV? |
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Definition
| -unvaccinated young 2-6m old kittens |
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Term
| What is FPV's incubation period? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is FPV's primary site of replication? Then what happens? |
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Definition
-oropharynx
-viremia follows and all the fast dividing cells in any organ are infected (lymphocytes in bone marrow thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, epi cells in crypts, myeloid cell precures = severe neutropenia) |
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Term
| What happes if a pregnant queen gets infected with FIP? |
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Definition
-crosses the placenta and infects the fetus
-early in gestation: fetal death, reabsorption, and infertility
-mid gestation: abortion or mummified fetuses
-late in gestation or soon after birth: cerebellar hypoplasia and optic nerve atrophy in kitten |
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Term
| How do young kittens respond to FIP infection? |
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Definition
-can be acutely lethal
-pathogen-free kittens have a milder disease when infected |
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Term
| How do older cats respond to FPV infection? |
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Definition
| -mild, sub-clinical to asymptomatic disease seemn in older cats unless they are immunosuppressed and/or FIV positive |
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Term
| Describe the peracute disease form resulting from FPV infection. |
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Definition
-in young kittens
-overwhelming infection with no clinical signs and death within 24h |
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Term
| Describe the acute disease form of FPV. |
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Definition
-cats presented with fever, depression, anorexia, and vomiting
-diarrhea and extreme dehydration later
-abdominal tenderness
-25-90% fatality |
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Term
| Describe the clinical pathology of FPV. |
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Definition
-leukpenia
-also see neutropenia with anemia |
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Term
| Describe what you see at necropsy of FPV. |
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Definition
| -dehydration, dilated SI, edematous, hose-like appearance, petechial hemorrhages, edematous lymph nodes |
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Term
| Do we frequently isolate FPV? Why or why not? |
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Definition
-no, it is easy but FA test is quicker
- |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to cats that recover from FPV? |
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Definition
| -develop lifelong immunity to infection through Ab |
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Term
| By ___ weeks of age, all kittens will successfully respond to FPV vaccination. |
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Definition
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Term
| What kinds of FPV vaccines are available? Any reservations? |
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Definition
-MLV and inactivated
-do not use MLV in young kittens or pregnant queens! use formalin-inactivated vaccine |
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Term
| When do we use hyperimmune FPV serum? |
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Definition
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