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Exam 2
SA Transfusion Med
45
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
02/25/2016

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Cards

Term
What neoplasm can indirectly result in gastric ulceration? How?
Definition
-mast cell tumors: histamine
-gastrinoma: gastrin
Term
What is blood type?
Definition
-describes the presence of antigens on the surface of RBCs
Term
What is the most clinically important dog blood type?
Definition
-DEA 1.1
Term
Why is DEA 1.1 the most clinically important blood antigen?
Definition
-do NOT have naturally occurring antibodies to DEA 1.1 or 1.2 thus preventing a hemolytic transfusionn rxn
Term
Naturally occurring antibodies have been documented against DEA __,__, and __ in dogs negative for these antigens. Why is this clinically relevant?
Definition
-3, 5, and 7
-presence of these antibodies may reduce transfused RBC survivial (delayed hemolysis) when positive blood of the respective blood type is transfused
Term
What happens the first time you give DEA 1.1-positive blood to a DEA 1.1 negative dog? What about the following times?
Definition
-should NOT have a transfusion rxn with the first transfusion BUT may develop a severe hemolytic rxn the second time
Term
What is the most common universal donor for dogs? What about the ideal universal donor?
Definition
-DEA 1.1 negative
-DEA 1.1-neg, 1.2-neg, 3-neg, 5-neg, 7-neg and 4-pos
Term
At minimum, the dog donor should be DEA 1.1 negative!! Exceptions?
Definition
-if your recipient is DEA 1.1 positive
Term
Who makes a good dob blood donor?
Definition
-friendly, healthy, young, large breed
-1-8y, >50lbs
-no previous transfusion
-free of infectious disease
-Greyhounds
Term
What are the 3 cat blood types?
Definition
-Type A, B, and AB
Term
What is the most common cat blood type in the US? Most rare?
Definition
-Type A
-Type AB
Term
Why is it so important to type each and every cat before a transfusion?
Definition
-Type A cats have naturally occurring antibodies to Type B Antigen that will result in a severe hemolytic response
-also vice verse
Term
Type AB cats are rare. What makes them special?
Definition
-can receive either type A or B blood
Term
All cats must be typed before receiving a transfusion!!! How is this accomplished? What extra step should we take?
Definition
-typing cards
-ALSO cross-match cats prior to transfusion
Term
Who makes a good cat blood donor?
Definition
-friendly, helathy, young
-1-8y, >10lbs
-no previous transfusion
-free of infectious disease
Term
What criteria do we screen for potential canine blood donors?
Definition
-blood type
-CBC
-chem panel
-fecal analysis
-HW Ag
-Babesia spp
-Ehrlichia spp
Term
What criteria do we screen for potential feline blood donors?
Definition
-blood type
-CBC
-chem panel
-fecal analysis
-FeLV
-FIV
-M. haemofelis
Term
What is different b/n a blood donor stick and sticking a normal appointment?
Definition
-basically a sterile procedure
-sedation: cats > dogs
Term
How much blood do we collect from a canine blood donor? What about a feline blood donor?
Definition
-dog: 15-20 ml/kg
-cat: 10-15 ml/kg
Term
How do we preserve samples collected from dog blood donors? What about feline ones?
Definition
-commercial blood collection sets (human)
-7mL CPDA-1 + 53 mL blood
Term
What are the most important blood products?
Definition
-fresh whole blood (FWB)
-stored whole blood (SWB)
-packed red blood cells (pRBC)
Term
What is fresh whole blood? How long should it be stroed?
Definition
-blood obtained from a donor with no processing
<8h
Term
Describe the contents of fresh whole blood.
Definition
-RBC, WBC, viable platelets
-all components of plasma: albumin, globulin, all clotting factors
-refrigeration inactivates platelets
Term
What are the indications for the use of fresh whole blood?
Definition
-massive blood loss
-anemia + severe thrombocytopenia
-any anemia
Term
What is stored whole blood?
Definition
-refrigerated at 4C for upt to 30-35 d
Term
Describe the contents of stored whole blood.
Definition
-RBC, WBC, INACTIVATED platelets
-albumin, globukin, most clotting factors (Factor V, VIII, vWF reduced with storage)
Term
What are the indications for the use of stored whole blood?
Definition
-massive blood loss
-any anemia
Term
Why is the use of stored whole blood contraindicated in the case of severe thrombocytopenia, vWD, and coagulopathy secondary to factor V or VIII deficiency?
Definition
--platelets are inactivated dur to refridgeration
Term
What is pRBC?
Definition
-packed red blood cells
-unit of FWB centrifuged and plasma seperated, then stored in the fridge
Term
Describe the contents of packed red blood cells.
Definition
-RBC, some WBC, and inactivated platelets
Term
What are the indications for use of packed red blood cells?
Definition
-any anemia
-ideal for patients that just need RBC
Term
What are the indications for an RBC transfusion?
Definition
-clinical signs of anemia: tachycardia, tachypnea, weaness/lethargy
-poor tissue oxygenation
-severe anemia
Term
Why not just always use whole blood?
Definition
-most anemia patients don't need plasma
-plasma inc risk of rection
-plasma increases risk of volume overload in at-risk patients
Term
Outline the pre-transfusion testing for dogs.
Definition
-if no previous transfusions then do nothing
-cross-match if you can
-cross-match or type if using DEA 1.1+ donors
-if previous transfusion >3-5 days ago, MUST cross match
Term
Outline the pre-transfusion testing done in cats.
Definition
-ALWAYS type prior to RBC or plasma
-usually cross-match
Term
Why do we cross-match cats?
Definition
-used to detect Ag-Ab inteactions b/n donor and recipient cells/plasma
Term
What is major crossmatching? What is minor crossmatching?
Definition
-Major: Donor RBCs and Recipient plasma
-Recipient RBCs and donor plasma
Term
What is the general dose for blood transfusion?
Definition
-10 mL/kg = inc PCV by 10%
Term
What is the one piece of equipment you MUST use when administering a blood transfusion? Why?
Definition
-blood filter
-prevents admin of microscopic blood or fibrin clots
Term
If administering blood alone through IV line, what do we do?
Definition
-if admin IV fluids concurrently, use 0.9% NaCl (never LRS b/c contains calcium that kelates with anticoagulant)
Term
How long do we usually take to admin blood transfusion? When would you admmin blood faster>
Definition
-over 2-4 h
-faster when unstable patient or exhibitng life-threatening signs of anemia
Term
Each unit of blood should be administered over NO MORE than ___ hours. Why?
Definition
-4
-to avoid bacterial growth
Term
Describe an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. CS? Treatment?
Definition
-recipient's antibodies bind to transfused RBCs
-fever, vomiting, tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea, signs of hemolysis, possible death
-DISCONTINUE IMMEDIATELY
Term
Describe a delayed immunologic transfusion reaction. CS? Treatment?
Definition
-delayed hemolysis of transfused RBCs
-generally mild CS, transient fever, pigmentaiton of serum or uring
-give supportive care
Term
Describe a febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction. CS? Treatment?
Definition
-binding of pre-formed antiboides from recipient with donor WBC in blood product
-CS vary from mild to severe
-generally resolves with slowing or discontinuation of transfusion
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