Term
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Definition
| -abnormal gait characterized by incoordination without spasticity, weakness, or involuntary movement |
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Term
| What are some of the clinical signs of cerebral disease? |
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Definition
| -abnormal mentation, seizures, cortical blindness, compulsive circling, nystagmus, opisthotonos, head pressing, yawning, bellowing |
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Term
| What are some of the clinical signs with cerebellar disease? |
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Definition
| -normal mentation, abnormal gait, ataxia, intention tremors, wide based stance, hypermetria |
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Term
| What is CNI? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Olfactory (smell)
-inability to smell
-use food and see if they track it |
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Term
| What is CNII? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Optic (sensory vision)
-loss of vision, lack of PLR and menace response |
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Term
| What is CNIII? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it?` |
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Definition
-Oculomotor (eye movement and pupil constriction)
-ventrolateral strabismus and mydriasis |
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Term
| What is CNIV? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Trochlear (dorsal oblique of eye)
-dorsomedial strabismus |
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Term
| What is CNV? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Trigemial: mm of mastication, palpebral reflex
-dec facial sensation, droped jaw, atrophy, difficult prehension of feedstuffs |
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Term
| What is CNVI? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Abducens: lateral rectus and retractor bulbi of eye
-medial strabismus and inability to retract globe |
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Term
| What is CNVII? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Facial: motor for facial expression and lacrimal glands
-drooped eyelid, ear, lip, deviation of muzzle (away from lesion) with possible dry eye |
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Term
| What is CNVII? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Vestibulocochlear: hearing and balance
-loss of hearing, loss of equilibrium, head tilt, nystagmus |
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Term
| What are the two types of vestibular disease? Contrast them. |
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Definition
-Peripheral: not depressed, head tilt, eye drop, leaning, cricling (ipsilateral), horizontal nystagmus, ataxia, no weakness, BAR, hungry
-Central: depression, head tilt, eye drop, circling, hemiparesis, nystagmus in any direction, ataxia with weakness |
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Term
| What is CNIX? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
| -Glossopharyngeal: m/s to pharynx, salivary glands, s to caudal 1/3 of tongue -dysphagia, no gag reflex, difficulty swallowing, hypersalivation |
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Term
| What is CNX? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Vagus: motor to larynx, pharynx, GI tract, and other viscera
-dysphagia, decreased rumen contractions, vagal indigestions syndrome, laryngeal paralysis |
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Term
| What is CNXI? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Accessory: motor to shoulders and throat
-loss of motor function
-test for grimace response |
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Term
| What is CNXII? What signs are associated with its dysfunction? How do you test it? |
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Definition
-Hypoglossal: motor to tongue, s to rostral 2.3 of tongue
-loss of motor to mm of tongue and loss of taste |
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Term
| UMN lesions tend to located where? Resulting in what general signs? |
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Definition
-located in cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and spinal cord white matter
-results in proprioceptive deficits, weakness, paralysis, hypertonia, and exaggerated spinal reflexes |
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Term
| Where do LMN lesions tend to be located? Resulting in what signs? |
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Definition
-ventral horn
-always results in dec m tone and dec or absent reflexes |
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Term
| What is in C1-C6? If there is a lesion here, what do I see? |
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Definition
-UMN to all 4 limbs
-altered head movements, superficial sensation loss, inc reflexes, ataxia/weakness in all limbs, recumbecy, truncal sway, knuckle, stumble, fail |
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Term
| What is in C6-T2? If there is a lesion here, what do I see? |
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Definition
-UMN hind + LMN front
-hyperactive hind limb reflexes, depressed forelimb reflexes, knuckle, stuble, superficial sensation loss, ataxia/weakness in hind |
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Term
| What is in T2-L3? If there is a lesion here, what do I see? |
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Definition
-UMN hind ONLY
-normal fore limb
-hyperactive hind limbe reflexes, CP deficits, superficial sensation loss, ataxia/weakness |
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Term
| What is in S1-S2? If there is a lesion here, what do I see? |
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Definition
-LMN to tail
-bladder distention, loss of anal tone, urine dribbling, incontinence |
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Term
| What is in L4-S2? If there is a lesion here, what do I see? |
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Definition
-LMN hind, uMN or LMN bladder
-normal fore limb
-PL depressed reflexes, CP deficites, superficial sensation loss, ataxia/weakness |
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Term
| What is in S3-Cd5? If there is a lesion here, what do I see? |
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Definition
-LMN to tail
-flaccid taile, anus, loss of sensation to penis, vulva, perineum |
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