Term
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Definition
| -the outer, fibrous tunic called the "white of the eye" |
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Term
| What are the functions of the sclera? |
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Definition
-site of extraocular muscle attachment (voluntary mm)
-optic n enters posteriorly at cribiform area
-blood vessels and nn enter to get to the intraocular strctures |
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Term
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Definition
| -thin, vascular, mucus membrane covering the anterior sclera (bulbar conjunctiva), then reflected back to line the inside of the lids (palpebral conjunctiva) |
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Term
| What is the function of the conjunctiva? |
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Definition
| -allows frictionles movement of the lids over the eyeball |
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Term
| What does a pigmented conjunctiva indicate? |
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Definition
| -nothing, it is a normal finding |
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Term
| Definition: Conjunctivitis |
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Definition
| -inflammation of the conjnctiva |
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Term
| What effect does conjunctivitis have on the globe? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -transparent covering of the anterior portion of the globe joining the sclera at the limbus |
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Term
| True or False: The cornea is extremely well vascularized and poorly innervated. |
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Definition
| -FALSE; avascular but very well innervated, especially on surface |
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Term
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Definition
| -anatomic landmark between the cornea and sclera |
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Term
| What effects does a corneal ulcer have on the eye? |
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Definition
| -drastically decreases the clarity of the cornea, thus less vision |
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Term
| Definition and function: Uvea (uveal tract) |
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Definition
-very vascular, pigmented thing that provides nutrition to structures inside the eye
-uvea = iris + ciliary body + choroid |
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Term
| What is the function of the iris? Is it under conscious or autonomic control? |
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Definition
-has smooth muscle to control pupil size
-it is the color of the eye
-under autonomic control |
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Term
| Which muscle in the iris dilates the pupil? Constricts the pupil? |
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Definition
-Dilator m dilates the pupil
-Sphincter m contricts the pupil |
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Term
| Where is the ciliary body located in reference to the iris? |
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Definition
| -immediately posterior to and continuous with the iris |
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Term
| What is the function of the ciliary body in humans? |
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Definition
-the lens zonules attaches here
-the mm contract and relax to change the shape of the lens for near and far vision |
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Term
| What produces the aqueous? |
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Definition
| -specialized epi covering the ciliary body |
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Term
| Where is the choroid located in relation to the ciliary body? |
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Definition
| -continuous with the ciliary body extending posteriorly between the clera (outside) and the retina (inside) |
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Term
| What is the function of the choroid? |
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Definition
-contains the tapetum: specialized layer of cells that are highly reflective imbedded in choroid tissue
-provides nutrition to the outer layers of the retina |
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Term
| What are the four components of the clear media of the eye? |
|
Definition
-cornea
-aqueous
-lens
-vitreous |
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Term
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Definition
| -clear fluid within the anterior chamber (b/n the cornea and iris) and posterior chamber (space b/n the iris and lens) |
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Term
| What is the function of the aqueous? |
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Definition
| -provides nutrition to the inner cornea and lens |
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Term
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Definition
| -zonules (thin filaments) and the vitreous |
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Term
| What is the function of the lens? |
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Definition
| -focuses light rays on the retina |
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Term
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Definition
| -clear gel in the vitreous chamber which gives suport to the globe, lens, and retina |
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Term
| True or False: The vitreous touches retina, ciliary body, and the lens. |
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Definition
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Term
| The posterior chamber is between the ______ and ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior chamber is between the ______ and ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Outline the flow path of the aqeuous that is produced by the ciliary body epi. |
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Definition
| -ciliary body => posterior chamber => through the pupil => anterior chamber => iridocorneal angle => scleral vv |
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Term
Definition: Cataract
-it is commonly secodary to what condition in dogs? |
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Definition
-compolete opacity of the lens (mature cataract)
-commonly secondary to diabetes |
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Term
|
Definition
-impairment of outflow of aqueous from the ye results in an increased fluid pressure in the eye
-over time can result in enlargement of the eye and vision loss |
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Term
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Definition
| -thin, semi-transparent tissue that overlies the choroid |
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Term
| Is the retina vascularized? Innervated? |
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Definition
-is vascularized
-neurosensory: ganglion cell axons of the retina form the optic n |
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Term
| On examination, the only part of the retina that is visible is what? |
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Definition
| -the retinal blood vessels |
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Term
| Is canine progresive retinal atrophy bilateral or unilateral? Genetic or acquired? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Outline the path of CN II. |
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Definition
| -retina => optic n => chiasm => optic tract => optic radiation => visual cortex |
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Term
| What is the only organ in the body that allows you to view blood vessels and nerve vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| The extraocular muscles of the eye are made of (smooth/striated) muscle and insert on the ______. |
|
Definition
-striated (voluntary movement)
-sclera |
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Term
| What are the muscle groups? |
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Definition
-rectus and oblique mm
-retractor bulbi mm: allows for retraction of the globe (not in primates) |
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Term
| What m closes the eyelids? Is it voluntary? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the Meibomian glands? |
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Definition
| -line the eyelid margins and secrete a protion of the tear film |
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Term
| Definition: Ectopic cilia |
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Definition
| -a hair follicle forms in, or adjacent to, a meibomian gland and the aberrant hair exits through the palpebral conjunctiva |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the nictitans located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does the third eyelid have a lacrimal gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the movement of the nictitans. |
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Definition
| -it is passive depending on globe position: retraction of the globe into the orbit causes the nictitans to slide upward over the cornea |
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Term
| If a client calls you in a panic describing a red button on the inside of its dog's eye, what is it? |
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Definition
| -Prolapsed nictitans gland |
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Term
| What is the function of the lacrimal system? What glands do this? |
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Definition
-production of tears
-Orbital lacrimal+ nictitans lacrimal gland + Meibomian glands |
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Term
| Outline the drainage path of tears. |
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Definition
| -medial canthus => puncta => canaliculi => lacrimal sac => nasolacrimal duct => nasal punctum |
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