Term
| How do we describe a fracture? |
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Definition
-name of bone(s) involved
-fracture type/class/direction
-location within bone
-displacement/angulation (distal segment)
-overriding/distraction
-open/closed
-soft tissue changes
-joint involvement |
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Term
| Definition: Transverse fractures |
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Definition
| -fracture cuts horizontally across the bone |
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Term
| Definition: Long Oblique fracture |
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Definition
| -fracture cuts diagonally down/up the bone |
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Term
| Definition: Spiral fracture |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Comminuted fracture |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Segmental fracture |
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Definition
| -looks like broken up ice |
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Term
| Definition: Butterfly fragment |
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Definition
| -big triangular segment that has been displaced by a comminuted fracture |
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Term
| Definition: Incomplete fracture |
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Definition
| -only one crotex is involved |
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Term
| Definition: Incomplete Greenstick Fracture |
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Definition
-incomplete fracture with bending of opposite cortex
-in young animals |
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Term
| Definition: Incomplete Folding Fracture |
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Definition
| -occurs in demineralized bone (hyperparathyroidism) |
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Term
| Definition: Chip Fracture |
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Definition
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Term
| STUDY THE SALTER FRACTURES |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major concern with open fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is fracture displacement? |
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Definition
| -named by movement of the distal segment relative to the proximal segment |
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Term
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Definition
| -proximal displacement that shortens bone column length |
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Term
| What is known as "Monteggia's fracture"? |
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Definition
| -fractured proximal ulna with luxated radius |
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Term
| Definition: Pathologic fracture |
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Definition
| -secondary to diseased bone |
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Term
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Definition
| -from chronic cycling and microfracture due to overuse |
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Term
| Definition: Chip fracture |
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Definition
| -small fragment from trauma |
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Term
| Definition: Slab fracture |
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Definition
| -one joint surface to another (cuboidal bones) |
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Term
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Definition
| -attachment site of tendon/ligament |
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Term
| Definition: Segmental fracture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| -shortens length (vertebrae) |
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Term
| Definition: Depression fracture |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Articular fracture |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Physeal fracture |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition: Shearing fracture |
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Definition
| -loss of bone, glancing or friction |
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Term
Definition: Primary bone healing
-in which case is it seen?
-radiographic signs? |
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Definition
-direct extension of bone without intermediate tissue or callus
-only seen with rigid fixation (plate fixation)
-signs: fracture gradually disappears without callous formation |
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Term
| Definition: secondary bone healing |
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Definition
| -hematome, then fibrous callus, then bony callus |
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Term
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Definition
| -bone has stabilized with callus (healed) but in a non-anatomic alignment or configuration |
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Term
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Definition
| -fracture ends are rounded and sclerotic (closed), thus implying that no further attempt to heal will occur naturally |
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Term
| Definition: Hypertrophic nonunion |
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Definition
| -fracture ends are proliferative, rounded, and sclerotic (closed) |
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Term
| Definition: Atrophic nonunion |
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Definition
| -fracture ends are atrophying (decrease the diameter of the bone), rounded, and sclerotic (closed) |
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Term
Definition: Sequestrum
-sterile or infected?
-what does it look like?
-treatment? |
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Definition
-fragment with loss of blood supply
-may be sterile or infected
-highly opaque fragment surrounded by zone of lysis and involucrum (sclerotic rim)
-generally require surgical removal |
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Term
| Give an example of altered joint function. |
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Definition
| -foreshortening after healing |
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Term
| Describe premature physeal closure. |
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Definition
| -distal metaphysis closes and lose bone growth |
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Term
| Definition: Pseudo-arthrosis |
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Definition
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