Term
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Definition
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Term
| bipolar is assoc with two things- |
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Definition
mania (abnormal elevated mood)
depressive symtpoms |
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Term
| how hard is it to distinguish depressin form bipolar? |
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Definition
| very- the sxs are similar when person in depressed pahse of bipolar |
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Term
| charactersitics of the manic phase-4 |
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Definition
substance abuse
irritable
distracted/restless
-overly happy |
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Term
| which type of bipolar is worse, and the manic phase is disruptive to normal life |
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Definition
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Term
| Bipolar is based off how severe the _ phase is |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of bipolar is called hypomania |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens with BD if untreated over time? |
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Definition
| progressively worsens (highs get higher, lows lower) |
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Term
| this type of BD is more than 4 mood swings per year |
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Definition
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Term
| this type of BD is when depression and manic sxs show at the same time |
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Definition
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Term
| this type of BD is when both manic and depressive phases are less sereve |
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Definition
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Term
| to pts show BD earlier or later than MDD as average |
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Definition
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Term
| which gender gets BD more |
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Definition
| neither (tho some studies show womena dn type 2 |
|
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Term
| whcih gender more often shows with the mania first? |
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Definition
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Term
| which type of BD is suicide higher in? |
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Definition
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Term
| what abnormalties increases risk of BD |
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Definition
| devlopmental (pre-perinatal) |
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Term
| a preggo exposure to what increases BD risk by 4x? |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of genetic disorder is BD? |
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Definition
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Term
| which is heritablity higher in- MDD or BD? |
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Definition
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Term
BD has a shared genetic etiology with what 2 disorders?
which does it have a higher correlation with? |
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Definition
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Term
the alleles respon for bipolar have what kind of relative risk-
so this means cant ID the gene bc of lack of- |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the genes invovled with BD?-4 |
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Definition
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Term
which gene is involved in both MDD and BD?
whihc is it a greater risk factor in? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| neuron survival/plasticity |
|
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Term
what is the function of Bcl-2
where is it found? |
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Definition
anti apoptic protein that stimulates dendrite sprouting and regrowth
mitochondria |
|
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Term
| what gene is also invvolved in Ca homeostasis |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the function of XBP-1 |
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Definition
| regulates ER stress response from damaged proteins |
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Term
what cycle is the IMPase invovled in?
this enzyme regernates _ to synthesize _ in this cycle |
|
Definition
PI cycle
inositol
phosphatidyl.. lipids |
|
|
Term
| what are the similar structure abnormalities with MDD and BD |
|
Definition
decreased glutamate
reduced neurons
reduced hippocampus and PFC |
|
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Term
| BDD has what stucture abnormalites different from MDD -2 |
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Definition
diruption in emotion control (limbic and orbital of PFC)
excess acitvation of amygdyla |
|
|
Term
the increase of amygdala activaiton is partly due to-
can this lead to depression or manic symtpoms? |
|
Definition
derease inhibitoin from PFC
BOTH |
|
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Term
| bc the appearence of wiring abnormalites in neuron emotion networks can be seen before 1st epsidoe this means what? |
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Definition
| these networks were abnormal in the growth and develpoment of them |
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Term
|
Definition
| neuron networks are abnormal during devlopment, and then you have synaptic strengthening of these abnromal connections |
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|
Term
what electrolyte is abnormal in BP?
high or lower concentraiton? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how does Ca have to deal with BP?-3 |
|
Definition
-involved in synaptic plastic
-can cause apoptosis if elevated
-also can change gene expression |
|
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Term
| what are some physiological abnormalites in BP?-3 |
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Definition
mitochondria dysfunction
neuronal atrophy
abnormal synaptic plasticity |
|
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Term
| why does dysfunciton of the mitochondira/ER cause?-2 |
|
Definition
| oxidative stress and activation of apoptosis |
|
|
Term
| what 2 things cause neuron cell death?> |
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Definition
too high Ca
not enough BDNF |
|
|
Term
what 2 things are invovled in nroaml synaptic plasitcity?
what one stimulates synaptic growth?
which is invovled in anabolic pathways to strengthen plasticity |
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Definition
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Term
| which gene inhibits the synaptic pruning GSK-3 |
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Definition
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Term
| bc antidepressents help bipolar what does this indicate |
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Definition
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Term
bc antipsychotics work fro bipolar what hyoperactivity does this show is invovled?
where exactly in the brain?
what also shows this to be true? |
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Definition
dopamaine
nucelus accumbens and PFC
heritablity correlation btwn shciz and BD |
|
|
Term
what are the typical mood stabilizers-3
what do they all target?
what hypothesis does this show? |
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Definition
carbamezapine, lamotrigine, valproate
voltage gate Na channels
tone down limbic circuits to reduce mood swings |
|
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Term
| lamotrigine also targets what to help with this abnormality in BD |
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Definition
|
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Term
| valproate has _ activity to nromalize gene expression |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what salt is given for BD? |
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Definition
| lithium (citrate or carbonate) |
|
|
Term
how does lithium inhbiitng IMPase help BD?
-2 |
|
Definition
decrease PI lipids which invovle in signal trnasduction
-decreases Ca bc no IP3 |
|
|
Term
| how does lithium affecting Na/K ATPase help bd? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| LI is a direct inhibitor of? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| how can lithium reverse glutamergic hypofunction? |
|
Definition
| mkaes AMPA current in hippocampaus neurons |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Li stomulates _ neurogenesis |
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Definition
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