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exam 2
terms and stuff
33
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/19/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Apocrine Glands
Definition
Accumulate their products but only just beneath the free surface.
Term
Holocrine Glands
Definition
Accumulate their products within them until they rupture. Entire secretory cell ruptures, releasing secretions and dead cell fragments.
Term
Merocrine Glands
Definition
Secrete their products by exocytosis as they are produced.
Term
Glandular Epithelia
Definition
Makes and secretes an aqueous fluid.
Term
Transitional Epithelium
Definition
Resembles stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal.
Basal cells - cuboidal or columnar
Surface cells - dome-shaped or squamous like.
Function: stretches for contained urine.
Location: Ureters, bladder and urethra.
Term
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Definition
Thick membrane with several cell layers. Basal cells cuboidal or columnar and metabolically active. In keratinzed type: dead surface cells.
Function: Protection of organ tissues.
Location: Nonkeratinized in esophagus, mouth and vagina. Keratinized in epidermis of skin.
Term
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Single layer of cells with differing heights.
Function: Secretion, primarily of mucus.
Location: Nonciliated located in sperm-carrying ducts. Ciliated in trachea, and upper respiratory tract.
Term
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Definition
Single layer of tall cells, may contain goblet cells.
Function: Absorption, secretion of mucus and other things
Location: digestive tract, glands, uterus
Term
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Definition
Single layer of cubelike cells
Function: Secretion and absorption
Location: kidneys, ducts of small glands, ovaries
Term
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Definition
Single layer of flat cells
Function: Allows passage of materials by filtration and diffusion.
Location: kidneys, lungs, lining of heart, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels.
Term
Epithelial Tissue Functions
Definition
Protection
Absorption
Filtration
Secretion
Gas Exchange
Term
Three Embryonic Germ Layers
Definition
Ectoderm
-epidermis of skin, nervous system
Endoderm
-functional lining of digestive, respiratory tract, accessory organs and glands
Mesoderm
-skeletal, muscular, and circulatory systems
Term
Connective Tissue
Definition
Most abundant and widely distributed tissue type
Term
4 Classes of Connective Tissue
Definition
Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone, blood
Term
Characteristics of Connective Tissue
Definition
Diverse cell types, diverse vascularity, no free surfaces
Term
Mesenchyme
Definition
Common embryonic tissue from which all connective tissues arise.
Term
Collagen Fibers
Definition
Strongest and most abundant type
Provides high tensile strength
Term
Elastic Fibers
Definition
Networks of long, thin, elastin fibers that allow for stretch
Term
Reticular Fibers
Definition
Short, fine, highly branched collagenous fibers
Term
Fibroblast
Definition
Young, actively mitotic cell that forms the fibers of connective tissue
Term
Major Functions of Connective Tissue
Definition
Binding and support
Protection
Insulation
Transportation (blood)
Absorb shock
Stores energy
Immunity
Term
Loose Connective Tissue subtypes
Definition
Areolar, Adipose, Reticular
Term
Dense Connective Tissue subtypes
Definition
Regular, Irregular
Term
Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar
Definition
Gel-like matrix with all 3 fiber types; cells: fibroblasts,
macrophages, mast cells, and some
white blood cells
Functions: Cushions organs; helps in inflammation; holds tissue fluid
Location: Widely distributed under
epithelia of body
Term
Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose
Definition
Matrix as in areolar,
but very sparse; closely packed
adipocytes
Functions: Provides reserve food
fuel; insulates against heat loss;
supports and protects organs.
Location: Under skin in the
hypodermis; around kidneys and
eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts
Term
Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular
Definition
Network of reticular
fibers in a typical loose ground
substance; reticular cells lie on the
network.
Functions: Fibers form a soft internal
skeleton (stroma) that supports other
cell types including white blood cells,
mast cells, and macrophages
Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph
nodes, bone marrow, and spleen).
Term
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular
Definition
Primarily parallel
collagen fibers; a few elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.
Function: Attaches muscles to
bones or to muscles; attaches bones
to bones; withstands great tensile
stress when pulling force is applied
in one direction.
Location: Tendons, most
ligaments, aponeuroses.
Term
Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense irregular
Definition
Description: Primarily
irregularly arranged collagen
fibers; some elastic fibers;
major cell type is the fibroblast.
Function: Able to withstand
tension exerted in many
directions; provides structural
strength.
Location: Fibrous capsules of
organs and of joints; dermis of
the skin; submucosa of
digestive tract.
Term
Three types of cartilage
Definition
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
Term
Elastic Cartilage
Definition
Similar to hyaline
cartilage, but more elastic fibers
in matrix.
Functions: Maintains the shape
of a structure while allowing
great flexibility.
Location: External ear, epiglottis
Term
Fibrocartilage
Definition
Matrix similar to
but less firm than that in hyaline
cartilage; thick collagen fibers
predominate.
Functions: tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock
Term
Osseous Bone
Definition
Hard, calcified
matrix containing many collagen
fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae.
Very well vascularized.
Functions: Supports and protects; act as levers for muscles; cell formation in marrow
Term
Nervous Tissue Functions
Definition
Detects changes in both the internal and external environment
Receives, transmits, and integrates impulses
Homeostasis
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