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Exam 2
Great vessels and Accessory Organs
30
Anatomy
Graduate
10/18/2011

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Cards

Term
1.What arterial trunks supplies the foregut?
midgut?
Hindgut?
Definition
Celiac, SMA, IMA
Term
What are the three branches off the celiac artery?
Definition
Left gastric, splenic, common hepatic
Term
Name the arteries that collectively supply the jejunum and ileum?
Definition
Intestinal
Term
What is the origin of the middle colic artery and what general region does it supply?
Definition
SMA, transverse colon
Term
Why are the vessels to the gut smaller than they initially appear on visual inspection?
Definition
They are “coated” with an autonomic nerve plexus.
Term
Which unpaired artery gives rise to the left colic artery and sigmoidal arteries?
Definition
IMA
Term
What is functional significance of the marginal artery?
Definition
Provides for a continuous anastomotic supply of blood to the colon in the event that major colic branches are compressed, temporarily or permanently.
Term
What three veins converge to form the portal vein?
Definition
Splenic and SMV, plus the IMV
Term
Where is the portal vein formed?
Definition
Behind the neck of the pancreas
Term
What is the function of the portal vein?
Definition
Bring nutrient rich, still moderately oxygenated, blood to the liver for processing from the GI tract.
Term
What is portal hypertension?
Definition
Restriction of blood flow through the portal vein
Term
What are some symptoms of chronic portal hypertension?
Definition
Splenomegaly, hemorrhoids, esophageal varices, caput medusa.
Term
How can these symptoms be alleviated?
Definition
Surgically routing portal to the IVC through fusion of these vessels, or other adjacent porta/caval vessels (left renal & splenic veins). Also an interventional procedure called TIPS – Trans Intrahepatic Portal Shunt.
Term
How many lobes does the liver have?
Definition
2-4: Right & left (caudate & quadrate part of right anatomic, but part of left functional lobe)
Term
What separates the liver into anatomic lobes?
Definition
Falciform ligament and left sagittal fissure.
Term
What lies in the right hepatic fossa?
Definition
Gallbladder & IVC
Term
What is the round ligament of the liver?
Definition
The remnant of the umbilical vein.
Term
What is the porta hepatis?
Definition
Hilum of liver (transverse hepatic fissure) – contains components of hepatic artery, hepatic ducts and portal vein.
Term
What are the two sources of blood to the liver?
Definition
Portal vein (70%), hepatic artery (30%)
Term
What separates the liver into functional lobes?
Definition
Physically – the middle hepatic vein. By definition - the right & left branching of the hepatic arteries, portal veins and hepatic ducts.
Term
What is the function of the gallbladder?
Definition
Stores, concentrates and releases bile.
Term
What is the name of the duct that transmits bile to and from the gallbladder
Definition
Cystic duct
Term
What is the special connective tissue formation in the duct that prevents over distension and collapse of the duct to the gallbladder?
Definition
Spiral valve (of Heister)
Term
What is the route of bile once produced until it reaches the duodenum?
Definition
Liver, hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic duct, gallbladder, cystic duct, common bile duct, ampula of Vater, major duodenal papillae, duodenm
Term
What is the function of the pancreas?
Definition
Endocrne – sugar metabolism: glucagon & insulin. Exocrine – digestion: bicarbonate, lipases, amylases, proteases
Term
Where is the head of the pancreas located?the tail?
Definition
Nestled in the C-shaped crook of the duodenum, At the hilum of the spleen
Term
What is the relationship of the main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct
Definition
They empty into a common site – the ampula of Vater
Term
Where is the spleen located?
Definition
Posterior to the mid-axillary line, left side, along the 10th rib.
Term
Why is it commonly injured in motor vehicle accidents (MVA)?
Definition
Spleen, It is on a pedicle made from the greater omentum and is relatively mobile. It therefore can become a projectile within the peritoneal cavity during a severe MVA and crashes against the inside of the rib cage. It is often bruised or lacerated.
Term
What other organ is also at risk in MVA that injures the spleen?
Definition
Tail of pancreas as well as the splenic vessels.
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