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Exam 2
Abdominal wall, inguinal region and scrotum
29
Anatomy
Graduate
10/12/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the vertical midline feature on the abdominal wall that intersects the umbilicus?
Definition
Linea Alba
Term
In the quadrant system what is the landmark for the two perpendicular lines?
Definition
Umbilicus
Term
In the quadrant system, where is the appendix located, the liver, the stomach?
Definition
Lower right quadrant, Upper right quadrant, Upper left quadrant
Term
What is the bony component of the abdominal wall inferiorly?
Definition
The pelvis (ilium, pubis, sacrum)
Term
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
Definition
5
Term
Which ribs supports the posterior abdominal wall posteriorly?
Definition
11 & 12
Term
What is the name of the thick fatty layer on the abdominal wall?
Definition
Camper’s fascia
Term
What is the clinical significance of Scarpa’s fascia?
Definition
Forms the wall for a potential space between the superficial fascia of the skin and the underlying abdominal wall.
Term
How do the lateral abdominal muscles compare to the intercostal muscles?
Definition
They are three in number, innervated mostly by thoracic nerves, helps control pressure in body cavity.
Term
What are the collective functions of the abdominal muscles?
Definition
Protection, flex trunk, helps control intra-abdominal pressure.
Term
What is the makeup of the anterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line?
Definition
In general the anterior rectus sheath is composed of the aponeuroses of the external oblique and the internal oblique above the arcaute line, and all three aponeuroses below the arcuate line. The posterior rectus sheath above the arcuate line is composed of the aponeuroses of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique, and below the arcuate line only transverses fascia
Term
How do the lateral abdominal muscles differ in innervation from the anterior abdominal muscles?
Definition
The three lateral muscles are innervated by T7-L1, the rectus abdominis is supplied by T7-T12.
Term
How do the nerves and vessels reach the rectus abdominis?
Definition
They run between the two inner lateral muscle layers and pierce the rectus sheath laterally.
Term
What makes up the inguinal ligament?
Definition
The thickened lower margin of the external oblique aponeurosis.
Term
What forms the anterior wall of the inguinal canal? the floor? the roof?
Definition
External oblique aponeurosis, this was all that was listed
Term
What runs through the inguinal canal in the male? the female
Definition
Spermatic cord, Round ligament
Term
What muscle layer gives rise to the cremasteric fascia?
Definition
Internal oblique, rarely transverses abdominis too.
Term
What is the name given to the testicular vein in the spermatic cord?
Definition
Pampiniform plexus
Term
What is the name of the sperm duct?
Definition
Vas deferens, or ductus deferens.
Term
What is the name of the peritoneal sac located in the scrotum, anterior to the testes?
Definition
Tunica vaginalis
Term
What is the thick coat of the testes called?
Definition
Tunica albugenia
Term
In performing a vasectomy, what layers are incised to reach the vas deferens?
Definition
Skin, Colles fascia, dartos muscle, external spermatic fascia, cremasteric fascia/muscle, internal spermatic fascia, extraperitoneal fat.
Term
What structure is responsible for storing sperm, once produced by the testes?
Definition
Epididymus
Term
What is the relationship of the hernia neck of a indirect hernia to the inferior epigatric vessels?
Definition
The neck of the indirect hernia lies lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels.
Term
What is the most common age groups for occurrence of indirect inguinal hernias? direct inguinal hernias?
Definition
Young males: mostly new born and toddlers less than 1 yr of age, Middle aged to old males, with weak abdominal muscles.
Term
What is the difference between hematocele & hydrocele?
Definition
The tunica vaginalis contains blood in a hematocele, but peritoneal-like fluid in a hydrocele.
Term
On which side is a varicocele most common found?
Definition
Left
Term
A patent processes vaginalis is a ready made path for which type of inguinal hernia?
Definition
Indirect
Term
What is the initial lymphatic drainage of the testes and why is it different from that of the scrotum?
Definition
testis lymphatics follow testicular vessels toward the para-aortic (lumbar); scrotal lymphatics follow external pudendal vessels toward the superficial inguinal lymph nodes. Difference due to fact that testes develop high on the posterior abdominal wall and descend into the scrotum, unlike scrotum that develops from anterior abdominal wall. Generally, lymphatics follow the vessels that supply the organ or region.
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