Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Exam 2
Exam 2 definitions
71
Anatomy
Professional
03/25/2011

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Perikaryon
Definition
region in cytoplasm around nucleus of neuron
Term
action potential (another word for)
Definition
nerve impulse
Term
myelin sheath gaps
Definition
nodes of Ranvier
Term
peripheral nerves (another word for and function)
Definition
nerves; axons bundled together in PNS
Term
Schwann cell (another word for)
Definition
neurolemmocyte
Term
axolemma
Definition
plasmalemma of axon
Term
neurofibrils
Definition
bundles o f neurofilaments that extend into dendrites and axon
Term
chromotaophilic substance (another word for)
Definition
Nissle bodies; clusters of ribosomes that are gray in cell bodies
Term
neurofilaments and neurotubules
Definition
in cytoskeleton of perikaryon
Term
transmembrane potential
Definition
results when there is an unequal distribution of ions across the neurilemma
Term
axon hillock
Definition
connection between soma and initial segment of axon
Term
collaterals
Definition
side branches off axon
Term
terminal arborizations
Definition
telodendria; fine terminal extensions on end of collaterals and main trunk of axon
Term
axoplasmic transport
Definition
movement of items between soma and synaptic terminal
Term
terminal bouton (another word for)
Definition
synaptic knob
Term
neuronal pool
Definition
group of interconnected neurons with specific functions
Term
neural circuit
Definition
basic "wiring pattern" found in neuronal pool
Term
divergence
Definition
spread of info from one neuron to several neurons of from one neuronal pool to several neuronal pools
Term
convergence
Definition
several neurons synapse on the same postsynaptic neuron
Term
serial processing
Definition
information relayed from one neuron to another in a stepwise fashion or one neuronal pool to another neuronal pool
Term
parallel processing
Definition
several neurons (or neuronal pools) are processing same info at once
Term
reverberation
Definition
collateral axons extend back to further stimulate presynaptic neurons
Term
center
Definition
collection of neuron cell bodies with a common function (in CNS)
Term
nucleus (pertaining to neurons)
Definition
group of "centers" with a discrete anatomical boundary
Term
neural cortex
Definition
portions of brain surface covered by gray matter
Term
higher centers
Definition
the most complex integrating centers, nuclei and cortical areas of brain
Term
tracts
Definition
bundles of axons (white matter) in CNS what share common origins, destinations and functions
Term
columns
Definition
large groups of tracts in spinal cord
Term
pathways
Definition
centers and tracts that link the brain with the rest of the body
Term
sensory pathways (another word for)
Definition
ascending pathways
Term
motor pathways (another word for)
Definition
descending pathways
Term
neuromuscular synpase
Definition
neuromuscular junction; synaptic terminal where a neuron meets skeletal muscle fiber
Term
receptors
Definition
either processes of specialized neurons or cells monitored by sensory neurons
Term
efferent/afferent fibers
Definition
axons traveling to/from CNS
Term
autonomic nervous system
Definition
includes all visceral motor neurons
Term
preganglionic fibers
Definition
axons extending from CNS to ganglion (cell bodies in CNS)
Term
postganglionic fibers
Definition
axons connecting ganglion cells (in PNS) with peripheral effectors
Term
Wallerian degeneration
Definition
Schwann cells aid in axon regeneration after injury
Term
excitability
Definition
ability of a plasmalemma to conduct electrical impulses
Term
neuroeffector junction
Definition
synapse that permits communication between a neuron and another cell type
Term
neuromuscular synapse
Definition
example of a neuroeffector junction
Term
vesicular synapse
Definition
chemical synapse
Term
acetylcholine
Definition
ACh - neurotransmitter released at neuromuscular synapse (or junction)
Term
nonvesicular synapses
Definition
electrical synapses
(rare)
presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane are bound tightly together at communicating (gap) junctions
Term
myoneural junction (another word for)
Definition
neuromuscular synapse
Term
transverse tubules
Definition
T tubules = deep indentations in sarcoplasmal surface that conduct electrical impulses to help stimulate and coordinate muscle contractions
Term
myofilaments
Definition
protein filaments made of actin and myosin
Term
actin filaments
Definition
found in thin filaments
Term
myosin filaments (found in?)
Definition
thick filaments
Term
anisotropic
Definition
A bands = dark
Term
isotropic
Definition
I bands = light
Term
F-actin
Definition
G-actin molecules; this twisted strand makes a thin filament
Term
nebulin
Definition
protein that holds F-actin string together
Term
active site
Definition
on a G-actin globule that binds to thick filament
Term
tropomyosin
Definition
protein that covers active sites, preventing actin-myosin interaction
Term
troponin
Definition
protein that holds tropomyosin in place
Term
actinins
Definition
proteins at the Z line
Term
cross-bridges
Definition
myosin heads in thick filament
Term
titin
Definition
core within thick filament
Term
acetylcholinesterase
Definition
enzyme in synaptic cleft that breaks down acetylchoine
Term
acetylcholine
Definition
chemical neurotransmitter in brain and PNS; dominant neurotransmitter in PNS, relased at neuromuscular synapses and synapses of the parasympathetic division
Term
recruitment (also known as; definition)
Definition
multiple motor unit summation; steady increase in muscular tension produced by increasing the number of active motor units
Term
muscle tone
Definition
resting tension in skeletal muscle
Term
muscle spindles
Definition
specialized muscle cells monitored by sensory nerves that control muscle tone in surrounging muscle tissue. Play important role in reflex control of position and posture.
Term
fast fibers (also known as)
Definition
white fibers
Term
anaerobic glycolysis
Definition
reaction pathway that does not require oxygen. Converts stored glycogen to lactic acid.
Term
slow fibers (also known as)
Definition
red fibers
Term
aerobic metabolism
Definition
oxygen is absorbed by mitochondria to generate ATP
Term
myoglobin
Definition
red pigment in slow fibers; related to hemoglobin; binds oxygen molecules
Term
interval training
Definition
enlarges muscles and improves strength and endurance
Term
body (also known as)
Definition
gaster or belly; central area of parallel type of muscle
Supporting users have an ad free experience!