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Exam 2 deck
N/A
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/09/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

During an inflammatory response, phagocytes move through the walls of venules and capillaries into tissue spaces. This is called:

 

A) chemotaxis

B) diapedesis

C) margination

D) leukocytosis

Definition

B) diapedesis

Term

If the connections between the vagus nerve and the heart are severed, the

 

A) heart will beat slower

B) stroke volume will decrease

C) cardiac output will decrease

D) none of the above

Definition

D) none of the above

Term

The thoracic duct drains lymph from all the following regions, except:

 

A) right side of the head

B) upper lobe of the left lung

C) left arm and shoulder

D) body regions below the diaphragm

Definition

A) right side of the head

Term

Sarah falls on a sharp sword and cuts several major blood vessels in her thigh. As a result of the injury you would expect to observe all of the following, except:

 

A) increase in heart rate

B) increased secretion of renin by the kidneys

C) increased total peripheral resistance

D) increase in blood pressure

Definition

B) increased secretion of renin by the kidneys

Term

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) causes Na+ excretion in the urine to ____, which causes blood volume to ____.

 

A) decrease; decrease

B) decrease; increase

C) increase; decrease

D) increase; increase

Definition

C) increase; decrease

Term

The only antibody that crosses the placental barrier is:

 

A) IgA

B) IgM

C) IgD

D)IgG

E) IgE

Definition

D)IgG

Term

The primary immune response:

 

A) is another name for immunological memory

B) occurs when memory cells are stimulated

C) occurs more rapidly and is stronger than the secondary response

D) has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells

Definition

D) has a lag period while B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells

Term

Assume that an athlete's resting heart rate is 70 bpm. According to the right atrial (Bainbridge) reflex, when his venous return increases as he starts to exercise, his heart rate will:

 

A) increase

B) decrease

C) no change

Definition

A) increase

Term

____ are clusters of lymphatic nodules located in the distal portion of the small intestine.

 

A) tonsils

B) adenoids

C) Peyer's patches

D) lymph glands

Definition

C) Peyer's patches

Term

Natural killer cells:

 

A) are part of the specific immune system

B) act by coating the pathogen

C) engulf pathogens

D) kill cancer cells and virus infected cells by releasing chemicals onto the target cell membrane

Definition

D) kill cancer cells and virus infected cells by releasing chemicals onto the target cell membrane

Term

Which of the following is matched incorrectly?

 

A) type I hypersensitivity: IgE

B) type II hypersensitivity: IgG

C) type III hypersensitivity: immune complexes

D) type IV hypersensitivity: IgG

E) type IV hypersensitivity: delayed hypersensitivity

Definition

D) type IV hypersensitivity: IgG

Term

Calculate the cardiac output from the following data:

 -mean pulmonary arterial pressure = 25 mmHg

 -mean pulmonary venous pressure = 1 mmHg

 -mean total pulmonary resistance (TPR) = 4 mmHg.min/L

 

A) 6 L/min

B) 4 L/min

C) 5 L/min

D) 5.5 L/min

Definition

A) 6 L/min

Term

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

 

A) it is antigen specific

B) it has memory

C) it is specific for a given organ

D) it is systemic

Definition

C) it is specific for a given organ

Term

Innate defenses would be?

 

A) defenses that change over time

B) natural killer cells

C) antimicrobial proteins

D) A & B

E) B & C

Definition

E) B & C

Term

List the order of events for the antimicrobial protein, interferon:

1. arrival proteins block viral reproduction

2. cell produces interferon molecules

3. virus enters cell

4. interferon genes switch on

5. interferon binding stimulates cell to turn on genes from antiviral proteins

 

A) 2, 4, 3, 5, 1

B) 4, 2, 3, 5, 1

C) 3, 4, 2, 5, 1

D) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3

Definition

C) 3, 4, 2, 5, 1

Term

B cells act against target cells directly, by killing the foreign cell or indirectly by releasing chemical mediators.

True or False

Definition

False

Term

T cells, bind to the cell inactivating them temporarily and marking them for destruction by phagocytes or compliment.

True or False

Definition

True

Term

T cells become immunocompetent and self-tolerant in the ____; B cells in the ____.

 

A) spleen; spleen

B) bone marrow; thymus

C) bone marrow; bone marrow

D) thymus; bone marrow

Definition

D) thymus; bone marrow

Term

It is our genes, that determine what specific foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.

True or False

Definition

True

Term

How does MAP relate to autoregulation? Choose all that apply:

 

A) MAP changes with changing arterial blood pressure

B) MAP can be compared to the water pressure in a town's water delivery system

C) MAP has little or nothing to do with autoregulation

D) Blood flow through capillary bed increases

Definition

A, B & D

Term

What happens when cells in a particular area require enhanced blood delivery and the appropriate autoregulatory stimuli are present? Choose all that apply:

 

A) the precapillary sphincters constrict

B) the arterioles dilate

C) the shunt is active

D) substances move across the capillary walls

Definition

B & D

Term

Why are the hydrostatic and osmotic pressures of the interstitial fluid normally so low?

 

A) few proteins leak out of the capillaries

B) leaked proteins are reabsorbed by the true capillaries

C) high hydrostatic and osmotic pressures can only be developed in the capillaries.

Definition
B) leaked proteins are reabsorbed by the true capillaries
Term

Interferon or complement? 

 

modulate inflammation

Definition

Interferon

Term

Interferon or complement?

 

mark cells for phagocytosis

Definition

Complement

Term

Interferon or complement?


cytokines

Definition

Interferon

Term

Interferon or complement?


interfere with viral replications

Definition

Interferon

Term

Interferon or complement?


plasma proteins

Definition

Complement

Term

Interferon or complement?


kill some bacteria by themselves

Definition

Complement

Term

Interferon or complement?


activate immune cells

Definition

Interferon

Term

Interferon or complement?


promote inflammation

Definition

Complement

Term

Site of lymphocyte maturation (primary lymphoid organs)

 

Definition

Bone marrow and thymus

Term
Occurs when self reactive lymphocytes attack the body's own cells
Definition

autoimmune disease

Term
A mature lymphocyte that has not encountered its antigen
Definition

naive lymphocyte

Term
Sites where a lymphocyte encounters its antigen (secondary lymphoid organs)
Definition

lymph nodes and spleen

Term
Lymphocyte that has a viable antigen receptor
Definition

immunocompetent

Term
Tests whether an immature T cell recognizes self-antigens
Definition

negative selection

Term
A lymphocyte that does not recognize self-antigens
Definition

self-tolerant

Term
Tests whether an immature T cell recognizes MHC
Definition

positive selection

Term

Helper T cells play an important role in B cell activation. Place in the correct order:

 

____ T cell releases cytokines

____ B cell migrates keeper into cortex

____ B cell binds antigen

____ T cell binds MHC protein bearing antigen

Definition

4, 1, 3, 2

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