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Exam 2 Chapter 7
India Notes
25
History
Undergraduate 2
10/12/2011

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Term
Jainism
Definition
founded by Vardhamana Mahavira, everything in the universe has a soul, did not follow caste and jati system, individual souls participate equally in universal reality
Term
ahimsa
Definition
non-violence to all living things
Term
Indian Caste System
Definition
brahmins, kshatriyas, vaishyas, sudras, untouchables
Term
Brahmins
Definition
educated priests
Term
Kshatriyas
Definition
warriors
Term
Vaishyas
Definition
farmers and craftsmen
Term
sudras
Definition
landless peasants and surfs
Term
untouchables
Definition
people who did unclean jobs
Term
what were castes divided into?
Definition
jati or sub castes
Term
Hindu Principles
Definition
Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha
Term
Dharma
Definition
obedience to laws
Term
Artha
Definition
pursuit of well being and prosperity
Term
Kama
Definition
enjoying pleasure
Term
Moksha
Definition
salvation
Term
Achaemenid
Definition
the ruling family of the classical Persian empire
Term
Brahman
Definition
universal soul, or absolute reality, that Hindus believe fills all space and time.
Term
Vedanta
Definition
"completion of the vedas" a school of classical Indian thought that offered Hindus mystical experience and a belief in the underlying unity of all reality
Term
Buddhism
Definition
a major world religion based on the teachings of the Buddha that emphasized putting an end to desire and being compassionate to all creatures
Term
Nirvana
Definition
"The blowing out" a kind of everlasting peace or end of the suffering achieved through perfection of wisdom and compassion
Term
monasticism
Definition
the pursuit of a religious life of penance, prayer, and meditation, either alone or in a community of other seekers
Term
Kushans
Definition
an indo-European people from Central Asia who conquered much of northwest India and western parts of the Ganges Basin and constructed an empire that also encompasses Afghanistan and parts of central asia
Term
Theravada
Definition
"teachings of the elders" one of two main branches of Buddhism that arose just before the common era. closer of the two branches to Buddha's original version
Term
Mahayana
Definition
"the greater vehicle to salvation" one of the two main branches of Buddhism, a more popularized version of Buddhist belief that attempted to make Buddha into a god and developed the notion of bodhisattva
Term
bodhisattva
Definition
a loving and ever compassionate "saint" who has postponed his or her own attainment of nirvana to help others find salvation through liberation from birth and rebirth
Term
Indianization
Definition
the process by which indian ideas spread into and influenced many southeast asian societies, a mixing of Indian with indigenous ideas
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