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Exam 1: Prologue, Ch 6-7
Flash cards for the prologue, chapter 6, and chapter 7.
27
History
10th Grade
10/18/2012

Additional History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Monarchy

 

Aristocracy

 

Meritocracy

Definition

-One royal person rule

 

-A whole noble class rule

 

-Smart people rule

Term

Democracy

 

Direct Democracy

Definition

-The people rule through votes

 

-citizens partcipate in government directly rule

Term

Republic

 

Dictatorship

Definition

-ruled by poeple, exercised by representives

 

-one ruler with absolute power

Term

 

 

Four Major Problems in Ancient Greece

Definition

1. Athens (largest) ruled as an aristocracy

2. Classes of citizenship based on heredity

3. Poor farmers in debt; farmers become slaves

4. Seperated into city-states, each with different goverenments

Term

 

Leader

 

Solon

Definition

 

1. Outlawed slavery based on debt

2. Canceled farmer's debt

3. All free adult males were citizens

4. Classes of citizenship based on wealth not heredity

Term

Leader

 

Cleisthenes

Definition

 

1. wanted to decrease power of nobility

2. allowed all citizens to submit laws

3. increased participation

4. considered founder of democracy in Ancient Greece

Term

Leader

 

Pericles

Definition

 

1. increased participation by paying workers

2. Poorer citizens can participate

3. created a Direct democracy

4. Time of rule was known as "Golden Age of Greece"

Term

Philosopher

 

Socrates

Definition

 

1. Encouraged people to question everything (Socratic Method)

2. Citezens had the right to ask for change

3. Killed by the government for his radical ideas

Term

Philosopher

 

Plato

Definition

 

1. Socrates' student; angered by his death

2. believed government consisted of stupid poeple

3. wanted a meritocracy led by "philosopher kings"

Term

Philospher

 

Aristotle

Definition

 

1. Plato's student

2. Believed that people needed a government that keeps people happy

3. Government needs checks and balances

-two parts; one cannot get too powerful

Term

 

 

 Rome Develops a Republic

From Kingdom to Republic

Definition

- Greeks ↓ ; Romans ↑

-Romans stole Greek government ideas


- monarchy→aristocracy→republic

 -republic = indirect democracy; voting rights to free males

-in the republic—patricians vs. plebians

-Plebians recieve power

 

Term


Roman Law

Definition

 

- Romans got great power through conquest

- Want a universal law system

- Laws based on reason and justice

- Laws include: equal treatment, innocence til guilty, burden of proof, unreasonal laws set aside

Term

 

 

 

King Henry II

Definition

 

 

1. Gifted leader of England

2. Developed ideas of Trial by Jury

3. Unified England under common law

Term

 

 

King Richard

Definition

 

 

1. Henry's son

2. Great military leader

3. Died

Term

 

 

King John

Definition

1. Richard's brother; unpopular

2. Lost war with France

-Raised taxes to pay for war

3. Angry nobles made him sign Magna Carta

-contract to limit King's power

-no taxing without permission

-king has to follow laws

Term

 

 

King Edward

Definition

1. John's grandson

2. Another war with France→needed money

3. Created Model Parliament

-gathering of nobles and leading citizens

-voted on taxes

-helped Edward make laws

Term

 

 

King James I

Definition

1. Problems

-unfamiliar with common law

-different religion

-large debt

-Believed in Divine Right (Absolute monarch)

-Ignore parliament

Term

 

 

King Charles I

Definition

1. James I son

2. Needed money

3. signed Petition of Rights 

-Limits power of monarch in exchange for funds

4. ignored document and dismissed Parliament

5. Leads to rebellion

Term

 

English Civil War

Definition

 

1. Royalist vs. Anti-Royalists

-Anti wins

2. King Charles I executed

Term

 

 

Oliver Cromwell

Definition

 

1. Leader of Anti-Royalist

2. Remove Parliament

3. Calls himself "Lord Protector"

4. Ruled as a military dictator

Term

 

 

Richard Cromwell

Definition

 

1. Oliver's son

2. Second "Lord Protector"

3. Weak and unpopular

4. Quits

Term

 

 

The Restoration

Definition

 

1. Charles's Stuart was invited to rule

2. Restoration: monarchy was restored

3. Parliament limited monarch's power

-passed Habeas Corpus

Term

 

 

Glorious Revolution

Definition

 

1. King James II took throne

2. Believed in Divine Right

3. People offered throne to Mary and William of Orange

4. Chased James out and replaced him

Term

 

 

Enlightenment Philosphers

England

Definition

Thomas Hobbes: believed people are selfish

-created social contract

Mary Wollstonecraft: wanted to improve status of women

-fought for women's education and equality

Term

 

 

Enlightenment Philosophers

France

Definition

Voltaire: Complained about everything

-believed in tolerance, freedom of speech/religion, and reason

Baron de Montsquieu: seperation of powers

-legislative, executive, and judicial

Jean-Jacques Rousseau: direct democracy

Term

 

 

 

Cesare Beccaria

Italian

Definition

1. Government should preserve social order

2. Everyone deserves trial

3. No torture/punishments

Term

 

 

John Locke

Definition

1. Belives that people can rule themselves

2. People are free and born with natural rights

-Life, liberty, and property

-government should protect this

-the right to rebel

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