Term
| What lesions do we see with NSAID toxicity? Which species is most commonly affected? |
|
Definition
-inc risk of gastric ulceration, mucosal ulceration of right dorsal colon too
-horses |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see with cantharidin toxicosis? Which species is most commonly affected? |
|
Definition
-ulceration along entire GI tract
-horses |
|
|
Term
| Which species is most commony affected by intestinal protein loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen with intestinal protein loss in dogs? |
|
Definition
| -chronic diarrhea, weight loss, hypoproteinemia, malabsorption, and secondary ascites |
|
|
Term
| How do we diagnose protein losing enteropathies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the etiologies behind protein losing enteropathies? |
|
Definition
-lymphangiectasia
-IBD: lymphoplasmactic enteritis, eosinophilic enteritis
-crypt dz
-intestinal lymphoma
-infectious dz |
|
|
Term
| Which species is most commonly affected by lymphangiectasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause behind primary lymphangiectasia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the case behind secondary lymphangiectasia? |
|
Definition
-mucosal inflammation: IBD
-infectious dz: histo for ex
-neoplasia |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of intestinal lymphangiectasia? |
|
Definition
-malabsorption and inteestinal protein loss
-diarrhea, steatorrhea, hypoproteinemia, and ascites |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see in response to intestinal lymphangictasia? |
|
Definition
-dilation of lacteals in villi and larger lymphatics in deeper layers
-white raised aptched in the intestinal mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Which species are most commonly affected by IBD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the physiology behind IBD? |
|
Definition
-chronic inflamamtion (lymphocytes and plasma cells) in villous lamina propria
-also see erosions or ulcers |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common neoplasm of the intestine in most species? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of distribution does intestinal lymphoma have? |
|
Definition
-primary intestinal tumor or part of multicentric dz
-segmental or diffse, may affect several segments |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see due to intestinal lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| -soft to firm cream-colored masses in the submucosa |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of intestinal lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| -wt loss, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia |
|
|
Term
| Is small cell lymphocytic lymphoma high or low grade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen with small cell lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| -slowly-progressive dz with long hx of wt loss, vomiting, diarhea, anorexia |
|
|
Term
| How do we dx small cel lymphoma? |
|
Definition
-endoscopic or full-thickness intestinal bxs
-ileum may be better than duodenum for x |
|
|
Term
| Does small cell lymphoma respond well to therapy? |
|
Definition
| -yes, median survival > 2y |
|
|
Term
| Is large cell lymphoblastic lymphoma high grade or low grade? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of large cell lymphoblastic lymphoma? |
|
Definition
-sudden onset of wt loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and anorexia
-may find palpable mass in intestine or LN |
|
|
Term
| Does large cell lymphoblastic lymphoma respond well to therapy? |
|
Definition
| -50-60% response to therapy w/ median survival of 6-7m |
|
|
Term
| Is canine intestinal lymphoma usually large or small cell? |
|
Definition
| -large cell and thus are high grade |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of canine intestinal lymphoma? |
|
Definition
| -vomiting, diarrhea, wt loss, anorexia, and lethargy possible w/ palpable abdominal mass |
|
|
Term
| How does canine intestinal lymphoma respond to therapy? |
|
Definition
-about 55% to chemo
-dogs w/ diarrhea may have worse prognosis |
|
|
Term
| In which species are tumors in the intestinal tract (aside from lymphoma) most common? Are they usually benign or malignant? |
|
Definition
-dogs and cats
-usually malignant |
|
|
Term
| How common are intestinal adenocarcinomas in domestic spp? |
|
Definition
-SI and colonic adenocarcinomas relatively commo in cats
-uncommon in dogs |
|
|
Term
| Describe the physiology behind intestinal neoplasia. |
|
Definition
-invade into intestinal wall and infiltrate through spread in peritoneal cavity
-may incite a marked fibrous response in intestinal wall => stenosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs seen with intestinal neoplasia? |
|
Definition
-anorexia, comiting, obstruction, wt loss
-tenesmus and hematochezia with rectal adenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
| How do we differentiate smooth muscle tumors and GISTs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs do we see with mesechymal intestinal tumors? |
|
Definition
| -many are asymptomatic and incidental findings |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see with mesenchymal itnestinal tumors? |
|
Definition
| -nodule or transmural, mass-like thickenings w/in intestinal wal |
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis with mesenchymal intestinal tumors? |
|
Definition
-prognosis is difficult
-metastasis is possible w/ leiomyosarcomas and GISTs |
|
|
Term
| Where and in whom do colorectal adenomatous hyperplasia, papillary adenomas, or polyps occur? |
|
Definition
-rectum of middle-aged dogs
-usually a single nodule |
|
|
Term
| What clinical signs do we see with colorectal adenomatous hyperplasia, papillary adenomas or polyps? |
|
Definition
| -tenesmus, prolapse of th epolyp or rectal bleeding |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lesions seen with colorectal adenomouts hyperplasia, papillary adenomas or polyps? |
|
Definition
-usually sessile or slightly pedunculated masses
-surface often ulcerated |
|
|
Term
| How do we cure colorectal adenomatous hyperplasia, papillary adenomas or polyps? |
|
Definition
| -cured by adequate surgical removal |
|
|
Term
| Are most circumanal/perianal (hepatoid) gland tumors benign or malignant? Which animals are most commonly affected? |
|
Definition
-benign
-intact male dogs |
|
|
Term
| Are most apocrine gland (of anal gland) tumors benign or malignant? |
|
Definition
-malignant
-invasive and metastasize to local LN |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical results of apocrine gland tumors? |
|
Definition
-often cause hypercalcemia of malignancy (pseudohyperparathyroidism)
-pdc PTHrP |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 diseases of significant protein los in the stomach/abomasum? |
|
Definition
-Ostertagia
-Haemonchus
-ulceration
-chronic hypertrophic gastritis |
|
|
Term
| What causes submucosal gastric edema in pigs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What si the mechanism of edema formation due to enterotoxemic E. coli? |
|
Definition
| -vascular leakage due to inc perm |
|
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