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Exam 1
Gastric Path (L4)
32
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
01/21/2017

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Cards

Term
Definition: Displacement (herniation)
Definition
-intestine displaced outside of the abdominal cavity by herniation
-intestine may be freely movable or may become entrapped
-blood flow may be maintained or compromised
Term
What are the types of hernias?
Definition
-congenital or acquired
-inguinal, umbilical, diaphragmatic
Term
How common is an umbilical hernia? Congenital or acquired? What is it?
Definition
-common
-often congenital and may be inherited
-intestine protrudes through patent umbilical ring
Term
What is an inguinal hernia? Congenital or acquired?
Definition
-intestine herniates through patent inguinal ring
-may be either congenital or acquired
Term
What is a diaphragmatic hernia? Congenital or acquired?
Definition
-abdominal viscera herniates into the thoracic cavity
-may be congenital but often acquired
Term
What will the segments affected by an intestinal volvulus and torsion look like?
Definition
-distended (gas or fluid)
-dark red to black
-thickened and edematous
-congestion, edema, and ischemia
Term
Definition: Volvulus
Definition
-twisting at the mesenteric base across the long axis of the gut
Term
Definition: Torsion
Definition
-twisting of the gut upon itself along the long axis of the organ
Term
What are the secondary effects of intestinal volvulus & torsion?
Definition
-ileus, toxemia, peritonitis
Term
Definition: Entrapment
Definition
-a segment of the intestine is entrapped within an opening (commonly epiploic foramen)
Term
What are the results of intestinal strangulation?
Definition
-result in obstruction of efferent veins and intestinal lumen
-typicall well-demarcated, dark red and necrotic instestinal segment
-wall may be markedly thickened by congestion and edema
Term
What are the common causes of obstruction?
Definition
-FB
-enteroliths
-impactted feed
-impacted parasites
-intestinal stricture (stenosis)
Term
What are the clinical signs of an intestinal obstruction?
Definition
-anorexia
-vomiting
-abdominal pain/distention
Term
What is intestinal obstruction?
Definition
-due to stenosis, occlusion by an intraluminal object or compression from the exterior surface
-fluid and gas accumulate proximally and distend the intestine
-pressure necrosis with ulceration and/or perforation or rupture may be seen at the site of obstruction; chronically , stricture is possible
Term
What are some possible causes of obsctruction?
Definition
-FB: linear FB
-enterliths
-impacted feed
-impacted parasites
-intestinal stricture (stenosis)
Term
What are the clinical signs of intestinal obstruction?
Definition
-anorexia
-vomiting
-abdominal pain/distention
Term
What is intestinal obstruction?
Definition
-due to stenosis, occlusion by an intraluminal object or compression from theexterior surface
-fluid and gas accumulate proximally and distend the intestine
Term
What lesions are caused by intestinal obstruction?
Definition
-pressure necrosis w/ ulceration and/or perforation or rupture may be seen at the site of obstruction; chronically, stricture is possible
Term
What are enteroliths? Which specieas are most often affected by enteroliths?
Definition
-mineral concentrations in the gut
-horses
Term
What lesions are due to foreign bodies?
Definition
-impaction and intestinal rupture
Term
Which animals are most often affected by impaction of parasites?
Definition
-foals w/ ascarids
-pigs
Term
What predisposes animals to feed impaction?
Definition
-predisposed to by water deprivation, dietary change, poor dentition, intestinal stricture or abnormal intestinal motility
Term
Does fibrinous peritonitis with free ingesta in the peritoneal cavity occur secondary to antemortem or postmortem intestinal perforation?
Definition
-antemortem
Term
What does stricture occur secondary to?
Definition
-inflammation
-fibrosis (scarring)
-neoplasia
-rectal strictures occur secondary to Salmonella in pigs
Term
What is the pathophysiology behind strictures in pigs?
Definition
-thrombosis/infarction of the rectal mucosa => heals by fibrosis => stricture
Term
What is intussusception?
Definition
-telescoping of one intestinal segment into an outer sheath formed by another (usually distal) segment
-inner trapped segment = intussusceptum
-outer enveloping segment = intussuscipiens
Term
What are the results of an intussusception?
Definition
-results in obstruction and venous infarction, congestion, edema and necrosis
Term
What does rectal prolapse often occur secondary to?
Definition
-tenesmus or post-partum straining
Term
What does a rectal prolapse look like?
Definition
-prolapsed segment is dark red and edematous
-surface mucosa is dry, inflamed, traumatized
Term
What typically causes rectal tears in horses?
Definition
-rectal palpation
Term
What is the result of full-thickness rectal tears?
Definition
-peritonitis
Term
What are the results of a partial-thickness rectal tear?
Definition
-rectal diverticular with the potential for perineal abscess or pelvic cellulitus
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