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Exam 1
Bloat, Rumen Acidosis, & Gastric Displacement
37
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
01/21/2017

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Cards

Term
What does the normal rumen mucosa normally appear?
Definition
-turkish towel that is tan-green
Term
What is the normal pH range of the rumen?
Definition
-5.5-7.5
Term
What is the doctor name for bloat?
Definition
-ruminal tympany
Term
What is bloat?
Definition
-leads to respiratory compromise, inc intraabdominal and intrathoracic pressure and dec venous return to the heart
Term
What lesion do we see on post-mortem of bloat?
Definition
-congestion cranial to the thoracic inlet
-aka bloat line
Term
True or False: Post-mortem rumen distension alone supports a dx of bloat.
Definition
-FALSE, PM rumen distention alone does NOT support a dx of bloat
Term
What are the two types of bloat?
Definition
=primary/frothy
-secondary
Term
What leads to primary bloat?
Definition
-due to chage in hiet (alfalfa, clover, high concentrate)
-formation of stable foam => blocks cardia => prevents eructation
-foam usually absent by 10-12 hrs after death
Term
Regarding a bloat line, is the congested, red esophagus cranial or caudal?
Definition
-cranial
Term
What is secondary bloat?
Definition
-bloat caused by a physical or functional obstruction of esophagus
-causes include esophageal FB or tumor, reticular abscesses or adhesions, vagal indigestion, etc
Term
What are the potential sequelae to esophageal obstruction?
Definition
-bloat
-esophageal mucosal damage and secondary stricture
-esophageal dilation (cranial to obstruction)
-aspiration pneumonia
-esphageal perforation and periesophageal inflammation
Term
What are some things that may inc risk for esophageal obstruction?
Definition
-FB
-stricture
-dental dz
-caustic substance that causes scarring
-pelleted feed, gluttony, etc
-mass
-previous trauma
-spirocerca lupi in dogs
-PRAA
-abnormal esophageal motility
Term
What causes death with acute rumen acidosis?
Definition
-excess carb ingestion leads to dec in rumen pH => death is due to dehydration, acidosis, and circualtory collapse
Term
What do we see on PM findings of acute rumen acidosis?
Definition
-large amount of fermentative, porridge-like rumen sontent with pH < 5.0
Term
What causes bacterial rumenitis?
Definition
-Fusobacterium necrophorum
-aka ncrobacillary rumenitis
Term
What lesions do we see with bacterial rumenitis?
Definition
-erythema, edema, and erosion/ulceration
-patches of inflamed mucosa slough = scar formation
-foci of necrosis and/or abscesses in the liver
Term
In addition to bacterial rumenitis, what other disease does Fusobacterium necrophorum cause in the upper alimentary tract?
Definition
-necrotic stomatitis
Term
What are some things that may predispose an animal to necrotizing stomatitis?
Definition
-trauma, viruses
Term
What is mycotic rumenitis?
Definition
-opportunicstic fungi cause deep mucosal lesions, may extend to serosa
-may be severe, extensive, and possible fatal
Term
What lesions do we see with mycotic rumenitis?
Definition
-numeroud well-demarcated foci of necrosis and hemorrhage in rumen mucosa
-fungi invade into vessels and cause htrombosis and infarction
Term
What lesions do we see due to BVDV infection?
Definition
-mucosal dz: erosions, ulcer, and/or slightly raised pale or white placques in forestomach mucosa
Term
What is the other name for Bovine Herpesvirus 1?
Definition
-infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection
Term
In which cattle do systemic infections due to bovine herpesvirus 1 occur?
Definition
=neonatal calves
Term
What lesions do we see in neonatal calves with bovine herpesvirus 1?
Definition
-foci of necrosis, erosion and ulceration in mucosa of mouth, esophagus and forestomach
Term
What causes ruminal candidiasis?
Definition
-antibiotic therapy or glucose therapy
Term
What is gastric displacement?
Definition
-stomach rotates clockwise around esophagus
Term
Which dogs are predisposed to GDV?
Definition
-deep-chested, large breed dogs especially
Term
What lesions do we see with GDV?
Definition
-venous infarction of the stomach
-spleen displaced, congested, infarcted, torsed or ruptured
-assoc w/ eating and aerophagia
Term
IN which cattle is left abomasal displacement most common?
Definition
-high-producing dairy cows, especially around the time of parturition
Term
What are some problems seen concurrently w/ LDA?
Definition
-ketosis, hypocalcemia, metritis, retained placenta, etc
Term
Describe the movement of the abomasum in LDA.
Definition
-displaces ventrally and to the left of the rumen
Term
What are the clinical signs of LDA?
Definition
-anorexia
-dehydration
-scant feces
-abomasal ping
Term
How common is a right abomasal displacement? What effects does it have?
Definition
-less common than LDA, about 15%
-causes venous infarction, congestion, and necrosis of abomasum, abomasal rupture w/ subsequent peritonitis is possible
-causes obstruction of duodenal outflow => metabolic acidosis
Term
In which species does gastric dilation and rupture occur most commonly?
Definition
-horses
Term
What is gastric dilation and rupture in horses often secondary to?
Definition
-small intestinal obstruction or ileus
Term
If equine gastric dilation and rupture the primary dz, what caused it?
Definition
=excessive consumption of carbs (lush pasture)
Term
How can we tell if gastric rupture occured AM or PM?
Definition
-hemorrhage along margins = AM
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