Term
| What is the cause of myocardial necrosis if the pallor is localized? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of myocardial necrosis if the pallor is all over? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes subendocardial ischemic necrosis? |
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Definition
-high energy demand
-compression during contraction
-outside:inside blood flow |
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Term
| What are some examples of toxic/nutritional myocardial necrosis? |
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Definition
-ionophores, gosypol, doxorubicin, blister beetles, toxic plant
-taurine deficiency in cats
-Vit E: white m dz in cattle & mulberry heart dz in pigs |
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Term
| What is the common name for myocardial necrosis secondary to neural injury? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the viral causes of myocarditis? |
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Definition
-parvo: puppies
-PCV2, PRRSV: pigs |
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Term
| What are the bacterial causes of myocarditis? |
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Definition
| -histophilus, fusobacterium, Bartonella, A. equuli |
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Term
| What are the parasitic causes of myocarditis? |
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Definition
| -sarcocystis, toxopasma/neospora, leishmania/trypanosoma |
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Term
| What are the three possible lesions caused by Clostridium chauvoei? |
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Definition
-fibrinous pericarditis
-mural endocarditis: usaully on right side
-muscle necrosis/ hemorrhage |
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Term
| What are the three possible manifestations of cariomyopathy? |
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Definition
-dilatory: dz of dogs (large breeds)
-hypertrophic: dz of cats
-restrictive: dz of cats |
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Term
| Are dogs or cats more commonly affected by dilatory cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
-dogs
-cats get it with taurine deficiency |
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Term
| Which dog breeds get dilatory cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
| -Dobermans, Boxers, GReat Dane, Irrish Wolfhounds, NEwfoundland, Cocker Spaniel |
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Term
| What is the physiology behind arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies? |
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Definition
-loss of RV myocardium/replaced by fat
-aka Boxer cardiomyopathy |
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Term
| Which cat breeds inherit hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? What is it associated with? |
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Definition
-Maine Coon and Ragdoll cats
-hyperthyroidism and saddle thrombus |
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Term
| What lesions do we see with restrictive cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
-left ventricular endocardial fibrosis
-excessive moderator bands |
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Term
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Definition
-localized abnormal dilation of any vessel
-rare
-pre-requisite to rupture |
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Term
| Definition: Arterial rupture |
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Definition
| -rupture of the aorta: racing horses, breeding, Spirocerca lupi lesions |
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Term
| True or False: Atherosclerosis is commonly seen with hypothyroidism and DM in dogs. |
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Definition
| -FALSE, rarely seen with those things |
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Term
| What are the key features of an antemortem clot that distinguish it from a postmortem clot? Is it significant? |
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Definition
-pale tant to red, firm, ropey, adhered to the surface of blood vessels, has a structure of its own, will break in half
-significant |
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Term
| What are the key features of a postmortem clot that distinguish it from an antemortem clot? Is it significant? |
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Definition
-dark red to purple, slimy, rubbery, not attached to the wall, flaccid
-not significant |
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Term
| What are the 5 P's of a saddle thrombus (Cats)? |
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Definition
-Pain
-Paresis
-Paralysis
-cold limbs
-Pulselessness |
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Term
| Describe the pathogenesis of clots. |
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Definition
-Virchow's triad
-Thrombus (mother ship)
-Embolus (escape pod)
-saddle thrombus
-hyperadrenocorticism
-aortic-iliac thrombosis of horses |
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Term
| True or False: Most emboli are the result of break away from a fibrin thrombus. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of emboli occuring not associated with thromboembolism? |
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Definition
-air emboli
-FB
-fibrocartilaginous emboli of dogs: rugurge part of intervertebral disc into bloodstream that results ina rotted-out spinal chord
-fat embolism: big dog-little dog fights |
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