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exam 1
terms for first exam
48
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/03/2010

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Term
anatomical position
Definition
standing at attention,upright, palms facing forward
Term
midsaggital plane
Definition
divides body into right and left halves
Term
coronal (frontal)
Definition
divides body into anterior and posterior portions (front and back)
Term
transverse (horizontal)
Definition
divides body intor superior and inferior portions (top and bottom)
Term
dorsal body cavity
Definition
verterbral and cranial cavities
Term
ventral body cavity
Definition
thoracic, mediastinium, pericardial
Term
mediastinum
Definition
cavity between the lungs
Term
passive transport
Definition
no energy, diffusion
Term
diffusion
Definition
some small materials diffuse through the cell membrane on their own
Term
active transport
Definition
energy required ATP
Term
exocytosis
Definition
process by which cellular materials EXIT the cell (packaged in vesicles)
Term
endocytosis
Definition
materials are brought in
cellular membrane invaginates around, fuses into a circle w/in the cell and becomes a vesicle
Term
simple squamous epitheliem
Definition
one layer flat cells (thinnest)
lines lumen of blood vessels
rapid diffusion and filtration
Term
simple cuboidal epithelium
Definition
one layer of cube shaped cells
secretion and absorbtion
salivary glands and kidneys
Term
simple columnar epithelium
Definition
one layer tall rectangular cells
**microvilli or cillia
GI tract
secretion and absorbtion
Term
psuedostratified columnar epithelium
Definition
ONE LAYER, has tall and short cells, they all touch basment membrane but not all have free surface
trachea and bronchi
*CILIATED*
Term
stratified squamous epithelium
Definition
upper layers are flattened, lower layer are cuboidal
deepest layer highly mitotic
keritinized and nonkeretinized
Term
transitional epithelium
Definition
some cells are binucleated surface cells might be dome shaped
withstand streching and relaxing of bladder
Term
glandular epithelium
Definition
specialized epithelial tissues that have excretory functions
Term
goblet cells
Definition
unicellular
respitory and digestive systems
secrete mucus
Term
merocrine glands
Definition
secretes watery fluid through the cell membrane
salivary
Term
apocrine glands
Definition
top part is pinched off, becomes secretion
mammary
Term
holocrine glands
Definition
entire cell is released and it ruptures and dies
sebaceous glands
Term
areolar connective tissue
Definition
very vascular, contains fibroblasts and many irregularly arranged fibers
surrounds nerves muscles and some organs
Term
adipose tissue
Definition
very vascular
adipocytes
primarily in hypodermis ( subcutaneous layer)
Term
dense irregular connective tissue
Definition
contains fibroblasts, irreularly arranged protein fibers
dermis
provides strength and support
Term
dense regular connective tissue
Definition
fibers arranged in parrallel bundles
poorly vasculated
tendons and ligaments
very strong support in one direction
Term
cartilage
Definition
semisolid matrix, avascular, flexible, heals slowly
chondroblasts and chondrocytes in lacunae
Term
hyaline cartilage
Definition
found on articular surfaces, nasal septum, trachea, fetal skeleton
support and protection
Term
fibrocartilage
Definition
matrix has thick collagen fibers
intervertebral disks, symphysis pubis, menisci
Term
elastic cartilage
Definition
matrix contains elastic fibers
outer ear and larynx
flexibility and strength
Term
blood
Definition
liquid matrix is called plasma
transport
Term
smooth muscle tissue
Definition
spindal shaped cells
one centrally-located nucleus
walls of hallow organs
Term
cardiac muscle tissue
Definition
short cylindrical cells
some are biforcated (branching)
one or two centrally located nuclei
striations
Term
skeletal muscule tissue
Definition
long cylindrical cells
multinucleated (located at perphery of cells)
striations
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
neurons and neuroglia
Term
epidermis
Definition
composed of keratiized stratified squamous epitelium
Term
dermis
Definition
made of dense irregular connective tissue
Term
hypodermis
Definition
stores fat adn anchors upper layers to other tissue
Term
stratum basale
Definition
single layer of columnar/cuboidal cells resting on basement membrane
very mitotic
Term
stratum spinosum
Definition
several layers of polygonal shaped cells with spines
a little mitois
Term
stratum granulosum
Definition
3-5 layers of flattened cells with visible granules; cells undergo keratinzation here
Term
stratum lucidum
Definition
2-3 layers of dead a nucleated clear cells only found in thick skin
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
20-30 layers of dead anucleated cells
brittle hard
outer cells constantly shed
Term
keratinocytes
Definition
most numerous
found in all layers
produce keratin
Term
melanocytes
Definition
found only in the stratum basale
produce pigment
Term
tactile cells
Definition
found only in the stratum absale
provide information regarding light touch sensation
Term
langerhan cells
Definition
found primarly in the stratum spinosum
plagocytes
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