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EXAM 1
Walter D. Ward: HY 104
40
History
Undergraduate 1
09/20/2013

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Term
History
Definition
study of past species and civilizations
Term
civilization
Definition
are political + social structures coming together as a cohesive unit
Term
herodotus
Definition
first known history writer
Term
prehistory
Definition
period before written texts
Term
world history?
Definition
To study only one civilization misses most of human history
All civilizations borrow and reject cultural ideas from others
Provide context for historical events
Compare and contrast civilizations
Modern World is a Globalized Society
Term
periods of world history
Definition
Early Civilizations Period (4000-500 BCE)
Classical Period (500 BCE–250 CE)
Post-Classical Period (250-1500 CE)
Early Modern Period (1500-1750 CE)
The Long 19th Century (1750-1914 CE)
Contemporary Period (1914-now)
Term
Hominines
Definition
human ancestors, modern human appears by 250,000 ybp
Term
ancestors
Definition
Australopithecus, Habilis, Erectus (upright man), Sapians,
Term
Paleolithic societies
Definition
hunter-gatherers, small groups, nomads...spread through different areas of the world and created social structures and religious beliefs.
Term
Neolithic period
Definition
domestication of animals (dogs+sheep)and plants.
Term
Agricultural revolution
Definition
more daily work, more food, more pop. = more disease, and patriarchy
Term
Early agricultural villages
Definition
Jericho, Haciler (no public buildings + dead buried beneath houses)
Term
Civilization
Definition
3000 BCE, required agriculture, arts, religion, social classes, urbanism, writing/literacy
Term
Stages of political development
Definition
Band (large kinship), Tribe (classless society), Chiefdom (hereditary social class, set leader), State (hereditary social classes, kings, and taxes), Empire ()
Term
where do states come from
Definition
• Voluntaristic Theory – economy and justice
• Hydraulic Theory – irrigation
• Coercive Theory - warfare
Term
Early civilizations were based around water supplies
Definition
Mesopotamia –Sumer, Egypt, Indus River, Yellow River
Term
Sumer
Definition
first civilization but was conquered by Ur, polytheistic religion,
Term
Social structure
Definition
Nobility + priests, Peasant farmers = ~75%, Slaves
Term
how to become a slave
Definition
Debt bondage, War, Born into slavery
Term
Akkad
Definition
conquered all of Sumer and was destroyed by Elamites
Term
Babylon
Definition
founded by nomadic people "amorites", created law code "shamash", social structure, austronomy, pythagorean thoereom
Term
Hammurabi
Definition
Sumer and Akkad now Babylonia
Term
Marduk
Definition
Babylonian chief god who takes power from other gods
Term
Old Kingdom
Definition
First Intermediate Period, Nomarchs take control away from pharaohs
Term
Middle Kingdom
Definition
•Ruler of Thebes (Mentuhotep II) reunites Egypt, Amon, god of Thebes, is equated with Rah – the sun god = Amon Rah, All people judged for afterlife
Term
New Kingdom
Definition
•Expansion
–Into Nubia
–To Euphrates
Term
Hatsephat
Definition
2nd female pharoah
Term
Akhenaton
Definition
husband of Nefertiti, depicted as woman in statue, changed religion
Term
Uluburun shipwreck
Definition
gave proof of trade-Items from Egypt, Syria, Baltic, Canaan
Term
Hittites
Definition
1800-1200 BCE, Indo-Europeans, Control most of modern Turkey, Sack Babylon and then decline
Term
Minoans
Definition
Influenced by Egypt, conquered by myceaneans
Term
Myceaneans
Definition
Warrior culture, maybe Trojan War, Linear B –Greek, Independent states–Mycenae–Pylos, Palace Economy, Takes over Minoan trade
Term
Assyria
Definition
Creation of an Empire–Conquest of Babylon, Syria, Phoenician, Egypt, Israel, Rule through terror, Deportation of Jews, Used Akkadian and Aramaic for administration
Term
Harrapan Civilization
Definition
Archaeology only source, ~2500 BCE -~1800 BCE–Contemporary with Old Kingdom Egypt, Traded with Mesopotamia and Iran, 3 times the geographical size of Mesopotamia
Term
Indus River Civilzation
Definition
City planning–Straight streets, doors open onto back alleys–Sewer systems–Construction with brick, Standardized weights
Term
Aryans
Definition
Spoke Sanskrit, Indo-European, “perfectly made, Brought horses and chariots, Conquered northern India
Term
Aryan society
Definition
Nomadic chiefdoms > kingdoms, Rajas = kings, Originally village, not urban culture, Kingdoms related to each other by kinship, marriages, invented genealogies
Term
Vedic Religion
Definition
Polytheistic
• Anthropomorphic
• Indra: warrior
• Agni: god of fire
• Soma – sacred, psychotropic drink
Term
Hierarchy of vedic society
Definition
Society•Aryans divided into 4 occupational castes: (1) priests (brahmana) •(2) warriors (kshatriya) •(3) commoners (vaishya): included landowners, artisans, and merchants •(4) servants (shudra) –non-aryans•Later Dasas added as “untouchables”
Term
early china
Definition
•Xia Dynasty2200 –1600 BCE•Shang Dynasty1600 -1045 BCE•Zhou Dynasty1045 –480 BCE
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