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Exam 1---3
Hamster
35
Anatomy
Undergraduate 4
09/30/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Major functions of the skin
Definition
protection, hydroregulation, thermoregulation, vitamin D synthesis, sensory, can hold 5% of blood in the body
Term
Temp regulation by the skin
Definition
Production of sweat by sweat glands--glands derived from epidermis, are Innervated
Term
Hydroregulation by skin
Definition
Urea is excreted in sweat
Term
Skin as a major source of Vitamin D
Definition
A substance present in epithelial cells of skin is converted to Vitamin D by the action of sunlight
Term
Skin is composed of 2 layers:
Definition
epidermis and dermis
Term
Epidermis
Definition
straitified squamous epithelium--keratinized
Term
Dermis
Definition
connective tissue--special type: sorta loose areolar
Term
Hypodermis
Definition
adipose connective tissue, not part of the true skin, just deep to the dermis and epidermis; function: insulation
Term
All appendages of the skin--hair, nails, glands--are derived from the _______?
Definition
Epidermal component of the skin--epithelium is capable of mitotic activity
Term
layers of the skin (epithelium and connective)
Definition
epithelium: epidermis
connective: dermis
Term
Layers of the epidermis (we need to know 2 of 5)
Definition
Stratum basale: basal layer--think mitosis
Stratum corneum: keratinized superficial layer, dead cells,
Term
Two major cells of the stratum basale layer
Definition
1. keratinocytes: proliferating cells, mitotically active, aka "stem cells", produce keratin
2. melanocytes: produce melanin
Term
Where do cells of the skin become keratinized?
Definition
As they move from basal layer to the surface, they become keratinized in the intermediate layers
Term
keratin
Definition
a protein, bacteriostatic, water-repellant
Term
melanin
Definition
prevents UV radiation from reaching the cells of the basal layer; the pigment associated with skin color
Term
What is melanoma?
Definition
cancer of the melanocytes
Term
Cell types of the epidermis
Definition
keratinocytes, melanocytes (think umbrella), langerhans/Dendritic, merkel cells (sensory)
Term
langerhans/Dendritic cells
Definition
function as macrophages, another line of defense, located in the stratum spinosum (next to stratum basale)
Term
Layers of the Dermis
Definition
1. Papillary layer--the superficial layer(25% thickness)
2. Reticular layer--deep layer (75% thickness); collagen fibers are highly organized along lines of force
Term
Overview of the Dermis
Definition
contains all cell and fiber types; blood vessels and nerves travel through dermis to reach epidermis; roots of hair, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands "grow" in the dermis; "leather"; holds about 5% of the total blood volume
Term
Why are the opposing layers of the epidermis and dermis folded/convoluted?
Definition
To increase SA, help them stick together
Term
Significance of the dermis being able to accommodate 5% of body blood supply?
Definition
In case of sever bleeding, can take blood from the skin
Term
Langer's lines (lines of tension): how are they determined?
Definition
By the orientation and density of the collagen fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis. Where possible, it is reasonable to make incisions parallel to these lines to prevent "gaping" wounds and contribute to better healing
Term
Hypodermis/Subcutaneous connective tissue
Definition
Fat! aka superficial fascia
Term
Vellus
Definition
fine, unpigmented hair, function: thermal insulation for the body
Term
Terminal
Definition
longer, coarser, and pigmented
Term
piloerector muscles
Definition
"goose bumps"; a bundle of sm muscle cells associated with hair follicle, responsible for erection of hair, stimulated by symp nervous sys
Term
sebaceus glands
Definition
A holocrine gland that is usually associated with a hair follicle and produces an oily secretion: sebum
Term
ceruminous gland
Definition
specialized sweat glands that produce earwax
Term
1st degree burns
Definition
involve only the epidermis
Term
2nd degree burn
Definition
involves the epidermis and part of the dermis
Term
3rd degree burns
Definition
extend through entire dermis and often involving even deeper tissue
Term
Why does your hair fall out during chemotherapy?
Definition
stopping cells from dividing
Term
Three common skin cancers
Definition
1) Basal cell carcinoma: most common type, least dangerous, stratum basal cells involved
2) Squamous cell carcinoma: arises from keratinocytes of the stratum spinosum
3) Malignant melanoma: most deadly type, melanocyces
Term
ABCD rule--for a mole
Definition
Assymetry, Border irregularity, Color, Diameter greater than 6 mm
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