Term
| Etymology of "euthanasia"? |
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Definition
Greek:
"eu" = good
"thanatos" = death |
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Term
| How does Dr. Stein perform euthanasias? |
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Definition
-double dose
-warm up fluid before injections
-inject into milk vein as fast as possible |
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Term
| A "good death" would be one that occurs with minimal __ and __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Euthanasia techniques should result in...(3 things) |
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Definition
-rapid loss of consciousness
-then cardiac/resp. arrest
-then loss of brain function |
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Term
| For pain to be experienced, what part of the brain must be functional? |
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Definition
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Term
| An __ or __ animal will not feel pain prior to administration of euthanizing agent. |
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Definition
| anesthetized, unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
stress: any factor that induces alteration in animal's normal adaptive state
distress: animal's response to stimuli interferes with its well-being and comfort |
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Term
| Term for the ability to feel pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 important considerations when choosing a euthanasia method? |
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Definition
| highest ethical standards and social conscience |
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Term
| After administering a euthanizing agent, what must you do with the animal? |
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Definition
| examine for vital signs to confirm death |
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Term
| 3 basic mechanisms by which euthanasia causes death: |
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Definition
-hypoxia
-direct depression of neurons necessary for life
-physical disruption of brain activity and destruction of neurons necessary for life |
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Term
| Acceptable euthanasia should cause loss of ___ before loss of ___. |
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Definition
| consciousness, motor function |
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Term
| If you euthanize by hypoxia and the animal is still moving, what does that mean? |
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Definition
| just reflex activities, not perceived by animal |
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Term
| Euthanasia by depression of neurons may result in a ___ or ___ phase. |
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Definition
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Term
| Physical disruption of brain activity can be achieved by: |
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Definition
-concussion
-direct destruction
-electrical depolarization of neurons |
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Term
| 3 major categories of euthanizing agents? |
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Definition
-inhalant
-noninhalant pharm. agents
-physical methods |
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Term
| Another term for "euthanize" is __. |
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Definition
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Term
| Physical methods of euthanasia include: |
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Definition
-penetrating captive bolt
-blow to head
-gunshot
-electrocution |
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Term
| Inhalant euthanasia methods include: |
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Definition
-inhalant anesthetics
-CO2, N, Ar, CO (rarely/never used in lg animal) |
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Term
| Noninhalant Pharm. euthanizing agents include: |
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Definition
-barbituric acid derivs
-pentobarbital combos
-chloral hydrate
-T-61
*these are frequently used in equine and on-farm euths, and certain pet livestock
*agents persist in body and can kill animals that consume the body |
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Term
| Penetrating vs. Non-Penetrating Captive Bolt |
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Definition
Penetrating
-goes through skull and brain
-instantly unconscious
-almost instantly dead
Non-Penetrating
-instant concussion
-stunned animal is then bled |
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Term
| Indications for Euthanasia (from handout with dictionary def of "euthanasia") |
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Definition
-irreparably fractured leg, severe trauma
-loss of production & quality of life (eg severe mastitis)
-disabled livestock (can't stand/walk)
-diagnostic (eg potential for human disease)
-advanced ocular neoplasia
-debilitating or toxic condition
-prohibitive cost of Tx, poor prognosis
-extended withdrawal time, poor prognosis |
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Term
| Where to aim a gun or captive bolt to euthanize an animal? |
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Definition
| Draw two lines from the inside corners of the eyes to the bases of the opposite horns (or slightly above ears if polled). Shoot where they cross. |
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Term
| Amount of barbiturate for an OD? |
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Definition
| 60-80 mg/kg sodium pentobarbitol IV |
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Term
| In the FMD breakout in GB in the early 2000s, how did vets euthanize livestock? |
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Definition
-adults with penetrating bolt
-young with drugs because bolt exploded skull |
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Term
| What group decides the euthanasia standards for each species? |
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Definition
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Term
| How to evaluate consciousness after euthanasia? |
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Definition
-lack of heartbeat
-lack of respiration
-lack of corneal reflex |
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Term
| What is the corneal reflex? |
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Definition
| Touch eyeball, conscious animal will blink. |
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Term
| Confirm death by a lack of __ and __ for ___minutes. |
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Definition
| heartbeat, respiration, >5min |
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Term
| Unacceptable methods of bovine euthanasia: |
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Definition
-manual blunt trauma to head
-injection of chemical agents into conscious animal
-air embolism
-electrocution with 120 volt electrical cord |
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Term
| Electrocution should only be performed using... |
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Definition
| specialized slaughter equipment that applies minimum 2.5 amp across brain |
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Term
| The only 2 emergency euthanasia methods available to non-vets are: |
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Definition
-penetrating captive bolt
-gunshot |
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Term
| What sort of knife should be used for exsanguination? |
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Definition
| pointed, very sharp, at least 6" rigid blade |
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Term
| How to perform exsanguination? |
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Definition
-thrust knife into neck below neck bones
-draw downward to sever jugular vein, carotid artery, and trachea |
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