Term
War of the Roses
-Date
-Between
-Seminal Battle
-Result |
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Definition
| (1455-1485) English Civil War between the houses of Lancaster and York. It ended with Henry Tudor (Henry VII) taking King Richard III's throne at the Battle of Bosworth field. |
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Term
The Thirty Year's War
-Date
-4 phases
-Treaty |
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Definition
(1618-1648)
Bohemian--Started When HRE Ferdinand II decided that Calvinists were not protected under the Peace of Augsburg and tried to force them to convert.
Danish-- King Christian of Denmark tried to rally the protestants, it didnt really work. They were defeated by General Wallenstein.
Swedish--King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden finally DID unite the protestants in 1631. They were winning, but Adolphus was killed in battle.
French--A struggle between the HRE and France that ended the war With the Treaty of Westphalia. It left the HRE as a shell of about 300 states and marked the rise of Bourbon France. |
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Term
The English Civil War
-Date
-Between |
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Definition
| (1642-1649) This war was between Charles I and Parliament. After the 11 years of tyranny, Charles I was forced to withdraw from London with his troops (Cavaliers). They came back to fight the Roundheads (parliamentary forces, New Model Army) led by Oliver Cromwell. It ended with Charles' death and led to the commonwealth. |
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Term
The War of Austrian Succession
-Date
-treaty
-between
-simultaneous war
-ended with |
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Definition
| (1740-1748) When Charles VI was dying he worked to preserve the throne for his daughter Maria Theresa. He made the Pragmatic Sanction whose signers recognized her as the rightful empress. When he died, Fredrick the Great of Prussia challenged her. She was only able to save her thrown by begging the hungarian nobles for support. At the same time, The french and British were fighting over India and North America. The british sided with the Austrians, while the French sided with the Prussians. The War ended inconclusively with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chappel. |
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Term
The War of Spanish Succession
-Date
-Why it happened
-biggest winner |
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Definition
| (1701-1714) Charles II of Spain was dying and he knew that the other countries of the area were planning to carve up his lands, so he threw a wrench in their plans and left everything to Phillip Bourbon, a grandson of Louis XIV of France. The French then backed up the spanish, though everyone else was against them, and went on to end the war with the Treaty of Utrecht. It allowed Phillip to keep the throne, but forbid a union between France and Spain. England emerged the most victorious because it won Asiento and the strait of Gibraltar. |
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Term
The Great Northern War
-Date
-What made it important
-Treaty |
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Definition
| (1701-1721) War between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltics. It marked the rise of Russia as a great power in Europe. The treaty of Naystadt ended it. |
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Term
The Seven Year's War
-Date
-Alternative name
-Alliances
-Treaty |
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Definition
(1756-1763) French and Indian War
A continuation of the war of Austrian succession with different alliances. Russia, France, and Austria teamed up against Britain and Prussia. Austria was about to win the war when a new ruler came to the Russian throne (Peter II) and pulled out. The Austrians had need thier support and now lost on their own. Meanwhile, the French and British were still fighting over North America and Indian. The British won.
Peace of Paris (1763) ended it and established Britain and Prussia as the victors. |
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Term
Napoleonic Wars
-Dates
-Seminal Battles
*austerlitz
*Jena
*Friedland
*tralfalger
-led to his defeat |
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Definition
(1803-1815) The wars Fought By Napoleon of France in his quest to conquer all of Europe.
Battles:
- Vs. Austria and Russia in 1905
- Vs. Prissia in 1806
- Vs. Russia in 1807
- Vs. British Navy in 1805
led to his defeat:
Continental System
-Peninsular War
-Invasion of Russia (Scorched Earth)
-Battle of the Nations-1813, his first defeat.
-Battle of Waterloo-1815, his final battle |
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Term
American Revolution
-Date
-Why big in Europe |
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Definition
| (1775-1783) Really only affected Europe in that the British lost their territory and that the French used it as a way to get back at the British, but ended up emptying their treasury in the process |
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Term
Greek War of Independence
-Date
-What happenned |
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Definition
| (1821-1829) Against the Turks. Marked the decline of the Ottomans and was the only revolution to be supported by all of Europe. The spirit of the time was said to lead to the 1848 revolutions. |
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Term
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Definition
(1853-1856) Russia vs. Ottoman Empire, England, and France.
Started when Russia demanded land on the Crimean peninsula. The others feared Russia's advances into the Mediterranean and joined the Ottomans. At the Battle of Balaklava, the Russians were defeated. It ended with the Treaty of Paris (1856). |
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Term
The War of 1859
-why important? |
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Definition
When Italy unified.
1) Count Camillio Cavor allied italy with Napoleon
2) He started a war with Austria
3) All of Italy wanted to unify to defeat Austria, but Napoleon arranged a secret treaty to end the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| (War of 1866)The fight between Austria and Prussia for power in the German area. Resulted in a shift of power towards Prussia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Otto Von Bismarck (Prussia) launched a war against Denmark supposedly to defend the German population in shleiswig-holstein. He tricked austria into alliance against Denmark. Denmark lost. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1870-1871) Organized by Otto Von Bismark, this war made Napoleon III declare war on Prussia. In response all the German states united against him. |
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Term
Russo-Turkish War
-Date
-Why seminal? |
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Definition
| (1977-1878) The first War after the Red Cross was created. |
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Term
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Definition
| (1899-1902) This war was between the British and the "Boer Republics" in South Africa after diamonds were found there. The British thought it would be a fast, easy war, but it turned out to be just the opposite. It was important because it made the British realize that they needed allies and brought an end to the "Splendid Isolation." |
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Term
Russo-Japanese War
-Date
-Why important |
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Definition
| (1904-1905) Fought over influence in China. The Russians lost bigtime, and the Treaty of Portsmouth recognized Japanese influence on the area. This triggered rebellions against the Tsar, who was forced to create a Duma. |
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Term
WWI
-Dates
-triggered by
-Included
-Treaty |
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Definition
(1914-1918) Central Powers VS. Allies
Von Schilieffen Plan, Trench Warfare
Triggered by the Assassination of Archduke Frans-Ferdinand, the Austrian hier.
The Treaty of Versialles (1919) gave the Germans full responsibility and stuck them with reparations. |
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Term
WWII
-dates
-who?
-atrocities |
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Definition
(1939-1945) Nazi Germany and Italy vs. World
holocaust, Nuerembourg trials, "crimes against humanity" |
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